Question

【題目】任務(wù)型閱讀

請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。每個空格只填1個單詞。

Have you ever been so absorbed in a conversation at a party that you failed to notice that someone new is standing only six inches away from you, trying to get your attention? It’s possible that you were so distracted that you didn’t notice someone approaching you. But it’s also entirely likely that you were experiencing change blindness.

Change blindness is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is unable to notice visual changes in their environment, despite the fact that they are often rather obvious. In cases of change blindness, the person isn’t failing to notice small or insignificant changes, but will probably miss big changes, like someone standing next to them waving their hand.

Early experiments with change blindness focused largely on memory and perception when viewing pictures. For example, a person might be shown a photograph of a street scene in Egypt and told to memorize the image. Following that, they would be shown the same picture with certain elements added or taken away and asked to identify what’s different. Very often the individual could recall the larger aspects of the picture but couldn’t recognize the smaller changes.

In the 1990s, researcher Daniel Simons conducted a fascinating study into change blindness that many people find unbelievable. In Simons’ study, he asked participants to watch a video of a basketball being passed around between several people, with a particular focus on the basketball itself. When the experiment was over, Simons found that a large number of participants were so focused on watching the basketball being passed around that they failed to notice a man in a gorilla suit jumping around in front of the camera.

It’s important to note that the change in Simons’ video wasn’t subtle; the gorilla is very obviously taking up much of the frame. Simons concluded that participants were experiencing inattentional blindness, which is when a person fails to notice a major change because they are so focused on another task. In this case, because participants were asked to focus on the movement of the basketball, their brains prioritized that task in order to do it properly, thereby missing the other things happening in the video.

In the case of Simons’ study, participants engaged what’s referred to as attentional selection, which is when a person selects certain things to focus on in order to achieve a task and filters out anything that is unrelated to the objective.

There are a number of theories about what causes a person’s inability to recognize obvious changes in their environment, but most agree that the phenomenon is related to sensory processing. Broadly speaking, our brains have a limited capacity to detect and process everything in our environment. Instead, what the brain does is to choose certain things to process, evaluate, and store, which allows other things to be missed or filtered out.

In simple terms, change blindness has a great deal to do with where a person directs their attention. In the case of the gorilla and the basketball, people focused their attention almost exclusively on one thing, which caused them to miss other elements or changes. Given that attention is often at the root of change blindness, a person’s age or mental and physical health can influence how well they will notice changes in stimuli.

Change Blindness
【1】 of change blindness	Change blindness is a surprising perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a person recognizes minor changes in scenes while large changes go 【2】 .
Experiments with change blindness	●The main 【3】 of early experiments was memory and perception. ●Individuals were found to be【4】 at recalling the smaller details in the same picture previously shown to them.
Research in the 1990s	●In Simons’ study, participants were asked to pay special attention to the 【5】 basketball, during which time a man wearing a gorilla suit unexpectedly walked through the scene. ●Contrary to popular belief, with their attention fixed on the basketball, many participants reported that the “gorilla” 【6】 their notice. ●It is concluded that participants fail to recognize something big but unrelated to the objective when their brains are programmed to consider some task as a top 【7】 .
【8】 of change blindness	●The brain makes 【9】 about what to be dealt with because of its limited capacity. ●Although attention is closely【10】 to change blindness, age and health are other factors that play a role.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】Definition/Concept

【2】unnoticed

【3】focus

【4】poor

【5】moving

【6】escaped

【7】priority

【8】Causes

【9】choices

【10】related/linked

【解析】

試題分析：文章給我們介紹了Change blindness這一現(xiàn)象的定義、相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)及實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果、出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因。

【1】Definition/Concept考查名詞。根據(jù)后面內(nèi)容可知是Change blindness的定義或概念 。Definition“定義”，Concept“概念”。 故填Definition/Concept。

【2】unnoticed 考查形容詞。根據(jù)第二段中的定義Change blindness is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is unable to notice visual changes in their environment, despite the fact that they are often rather obvious.中的unable to notice可知此處與之對應(yīng)，故填unnoticed。

【3】focus考查名詞。根據(jù)第三段Early experiments with change blindness focused largely on memory and perception when viewing pictures.可知最早實(shí)驗(yàn)的焦點(diǎn)是記憶和知覺，故填focus。

【4】poor考查形容詞。根據(jù)第三段Very often the individual could recall the larger aspects of the picture but couldn’t recognize the smaller changes.可知個體不能辨認(rèn)那些小的變化，在此方面不擅長，故填poor。

【5】 moving考查形容詞。根據(jù)第四段he asked participants to watch a video of a basketball being passed around between several people可知實(shí)驗(yàn)時讓參加者們看互相傳的籃球視頻，由此可知是“運(yùn)動的”籃球，故填moving。

【6】escaped 考查動詞。根據(jù)第四段Simons found that a large number of participants were so focused on watching the basketball being passed around that they failed to notice a man in a gorilla suit jumping around in front of the camera.可知人們太專注于籃球了卻沒注意從相機(jī)前跳過的穿著大猩猩服裝的人。此處指逃離他們的視線，根據(jù)failed to notice填escaped。

【7】priority考查名詞。根據(jù)第五段In this case, because participants were asked to focus on the movement of the basketball, their brains prioritized that task in order to do it properly, thereby missing the other things happening in the video. 可知為了正確地完成任務(wù)，他們的大腦優(yōu)先注意這個任務(wù)。此處指優(yōu)先首選，根據(jù)prioritized故填priority。

【8】Causes 考查名詞。根據(jù)后面表格內(nèi)容可知在講這種現(xiàn)象的原因，原因有兩點(diǎn)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填 Causes。

【9】choices 考查名詞。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Instead, what the brain does is to choose certain things to process, evaluate, and store, which allows other things to be missed or filtered out.可知大腦會選擇某些事情去加工、評價和儲存。此處指做出選擇，根據(jù)choose填choices。

【10】related/linked考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)最后一段change blindness has a great deal to do with where a person directs their attention.中的has a great deal to do with可知是“有關(guān)，相關(guān)”之意，故填related/linked。