Question

【題目】 Male frogs use territorial calls to warn off frogs that are entering their territory. 【1】. So they do not waste energy by making territorial calls when they detect those frogs near their territory. However, if an unknown frog approaches the land they claim as their own, males will aggressively let out a territorial call.【2】.

Warning calls are employed to warn other frogs of some nearby danger and are commonly heard when an attacker comes near.【3】. If an attacker attacks a frog, the frog will make a call almost like a scream, which is intended to scare the attacker. This scream is almost always made when the attacker succeeds in grasping the frog because, should it be greatly surprised, the attacker may release the frog, which might permit the animal to make its escape.

【4】, which is employed when another frog is caught hold of by mistake. This regularly happens during the mating season, when male frogs eager for a mate wrongly grasp another male. In other cases, females that have already mated may make this call when different male frogs catch them.【5】.Whenever a male catches a female of another species, the female gives the release call to inform the male that he has made a mistake and should let go.

A.Frog calls further differ between species

B.The final major call made by frogs is the release call

C.To the human ear, frog mating calls may all sound similar

D.Frogs make short, sharp, loud sounds while they hurry away

E.Males can recognize the calls their neighbors make from afar

F.If the strange frog does not leave immediately, it may be attacked

G.There are some special occasions when frogs belonging to different species mix with one another

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】E

【2】F

【3】D

【4】B

【5】G

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了青蛙在不同場景下會(huì)發(fā)出不同的叫聲。

【1】空格位于段中。空格上一句句意為：雌性青蛙用領(lǐng)域叫聲來警告進(jìn)入它們領(lǐng)域的青蛙。空格下一句句意為：因此，當(dāng)它們發(fā)現(xiàn)那些青蛙進(jìn)入領(lǐng)地的時(shí)候，它們不會(huì)浪費(fèi)精力來發(fā)出領(lǐng)域叫聲。由下句中的those frogs可知，空格處句子中應(yīng)含有與those frogs對應(yīng)的詞匯。選項(xiàng)E（雌性青蛙能辨別出離它們不遠(yuǎn)處的青蛙的叫聲）中的their neighbors可與those frogs完美呼應(yīng)，上下句形成因果關(guān)系。故選E。

【2】空格位于段尾�？崭袂耙痪渚湟鉃椋喝欢�，如果是不認(rèn)識的請勿接近它們自認(rèn)為是它們的領(lǐng)地，雌性青蛙就會(huì)攻擊性地發(fā)出領(lǐng)域叫聲。選項(xiàng)F（如果陌生的青蛙不馬上離開，它就會(huì)收到攻擊）中的the strange frog與上句中的an unknown frog形成呼應(yīng)關(guān)系，故選F。

【3】空格位于段中�？崭袂耙痪渚湟鉃椋寒�(dāng)襲擊者靠近時(shí)，青蛙常常會(huì)發(fā)出警告性的叫聲，警告其它青蛙附近有危險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)D（當(dāng)它們倉皇逃離時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出短的、尖的并很大的聲音）中的when they hurry away與上句中的when an attacker comes near呼應(yīng)，故選D。

【4】空格位于段首。由前兩段分別介紹territorial calls與warning calls可知，這段有可能介紹另一種叫聲。選項(xiàng)B（青蛙最后一種重要的叫聲是釋放叫聲。）符合這種段落結(jié)構(gòu)。并且由本段最后一句中的the release call也可知，這一段講釋放叫聲。故選B。

【5】空格位于段中�？崭窈笠痪渚湟鉃椋寒�(dāng)一只雄性青蛙抓到另一個(gè)物種的雌性青蛙時(shí)，雌性青蛙會(huì)發(fā)出釋放叫聲通知雄性青蛙，這是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)該放手。選項(xiàng)G（在一些特殊的場合不同種類的青蛙會(huì)混在一起）中的different species與下句中的a female of another species呼應(yīng)，故選G。

七選五題目主要考查學(xué)生綜合的英語邏輯思維能力。一篇好的短文，不僅在內(nèi)容上要前后一致，而且還要語篇結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，上下文邏輯意義嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。內(nèi)容的前后一致體現(xiàn)在段內(nèi)及語篇內(nèi)話題的自然過渡。語篇結(jié)構(gòu)主要體現(xiàn)為：文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，還是按時(shí)間或空間順序發(fā)展的，還是辯證三段論的編排的。邏輯意義的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)最主要的可以通過代詞、連詞和副詞等形式來體現(xiàn)。本文是一篇說明文，由篇章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這三段并列描寫青蛙不同的三種叫聲，由此可以很快確定第四小題的答案。其它四題都依靠上下句之間的呼應(yīng)與指代關(guān)系解題，例如第一題主要依據(jù)those frogs指代哪些青蛙這一突破點(diǎn)解題，第二題、第三題、第五題都依據(jù)上下句詞匯呼應(yīng)解題。具體解題步驟見詳情。這些原則做題時(shí)比內(nèi)容一致性更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，準(zhǔn)確度也更高，因?yàn)樗鼈凅w現(xiàn)的是語言間的邏輯關(guān)系。