Question

【題目】 Influenza is an infection caused by flu viruses travelling through the air and entering the body through the nose or mouth. From October 2018 to early May 2019, up to 61,200 people died due to flu complications, while up to 647,000 people were hospitalized, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Despite similar symptoms, a cold is milder than the flu while flu symptoms develop more suddenly and severely and can impact your body above and below the neck. 【1】

Several factors can lead to Influenza. 【2】 You can catch the flu, breathing in these droplets, or touching objects such as doorknobs or keyboards that are contaminated with the virus and then touching your nose, or mouth. People under 4, or above 65 or with a weakened immune system are at greater risk of catching the flu.

Treatment without delay plays a dominant role. If you promptly see your doctor upon noticing symptoms, he or she may give you an antiviral drug, oseltamivir. 【3】“The best way to treat the flu is to rest, drink fluids and use any other remedies that best relieve your symptoms such as pain reliever for headaches and achy muscles.” says a professor of infectious diseases at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.

Prevention is better than defense.【4】 Experts widely agree that the single best way is to get the vaccine (疫苗) each year, which is appropriate for anyone 6 months and older. 【5】 Moreover, practicing good hygiene can prevent flu germs from spreading. Highly recommended are washing your hands, coughing or sneezing into a tissue, avoiding touching your nose and mouth, cleaning surfaces and objects like keyboards and telephones and avoiding crowded areas.

A.Approaches to flu vary from expert to expert.

B.You can escape catching influenza with some common-sense health practices.

C.When someone with the flu coughs or sneezes, droplets carrying the virus enter the air.

D.These can include fever, achy muscles, sore throat, cough, headache, chills, fatigue or vomiting.

E.The flu shot protects against the most common three or four flu viruses research indicates that year.

F.If taken within two days, the medicine can lessen symptoms and shorten the length of time you are sick by about a day.

G.To determine if you have the flu or a cold, your doctor will do a physical exam, ask about your symptoms, and possibly do a lab test.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】F

【4】B

【5】E

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章說明了流感是由流感病毒通過空氣傳播并通過鼻子或嘴巴進(jìn)入人體引起的感染，介紹了流感的一些癥狀、引發(fā)因素、治療以及預(yù)防措施。

【1】根據(jù)上文Despite similar symptoms, a cold is milder than the flu while flu symptoms develop more suddenly and severely and can impact your body above and below the neck.可知，盡管有相似的癥狀，但感冒比流感要溫和，而流感的癥狀會發(fā)展得更突然、更嚴(yán)重，并會影響你頸部上下的身體。由此可知，本句是對流感的具體癥狀進(jìn)行一一說明和舉例，故D選項“這些癥狀包括發(fā)燒、肌肉疼痛、喉嚨痛、咳嗽、頭痛、發(fā)冷、疲勞或嘔吐”符合上下文語境。故選D。

【2】根據(jù)后文You can catch the flu, breathing in these droplets, or touching objects such as doorknobs or keyboards that are contaminated with the virus and then touching your nose, or mouth.可知，你可能會染上流感，吸入這些飛沫，或觸摸被病毒污染的門把手或鍵盤等物體，然后觸摸你的鼻子或嘴。由此可知，本句是在說明其中的一種感染因素， 既是前一句的舉例， 也與后一句合理銜接，且C選項中droplets與后文中these droplets詞匯照應(yīng)。故C選項“當(dāng)流感患者咳嗽或打噴嚏時，攜帶病毒的飛沫進(jìn)入空氣”符合上下文語境。故選C。

【3】根據(jù)上文If you promptly see your doctor upon noticing symptoms, he or she may give you an antiviral drug, oseltamivir.可知，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)癥狀后立即去看醫(yī)生，他或她可能會給你一種抗病毒藥物，oseltamivir。由此可知，本句應(yīng)當(dāng)承接上文，說明服用了這些藥之后身體的反應(yīng)情況。F中的medicine指的oseltamivir，故F選項“如果在兩天內(nèi)服用，這種藥可以減輕癥狀，縮短大約一天的患病時間”符合上下文語境。故選F。

【4】根據(jù)上文Prevention is better than defense.可知，預(yù)防勝于防御。由此可知，本句承接上文，說明一些可以避免得流感的健康常識。故B選項“你可以通過一些常識性的衛(wèi)生措施來避免感染流感”符合上下文語境。故選B。

【5】根據(jù)上文Experts widely agree that the single best way is to get the vaccine each year, which is appropriate for anyone 6 months and older.可知，專家們普遍認(rèn)為，最好的方法是每年接種疫苗，這適用于任何6個月及以上的人。其中E選項中的shot和vaccine對應(yīng)，承接上文說明接種流感疫苗可以預(yù)防流感病毒。故E選項“當(dāng)年的研究表明，流感疫苗可以預(yù)防三到四種最常見的流感病毒”符合上下文語境。故選E。

七選五的解題技巧之一是根據(jù)上下文詞匯來鎖定線索。即：要關(guān)注空白前后的名詞和動詞，然后在選項中查找它們的近義詞、反義詞、同義詞、同類詞等。其次是一些專有名詞，比如說數(shù)詞、代詞、時間、年代、地點/名稱等。如第3小題，根據(jù)上文If you promptly see your doctor upon noticing symptoms, he or she may give you an antiviral drug, oseltamivir.可知，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)癥狀后立即去看醫(yī)生，他或她可能會給你一種抗病毒藥物，oseltamivir。由此可知，本句應(yīng)當(dāng)承接上文，說明服用了這些藥之后身體的反應(yīng)情況。F中的medicine指的oseltamivir，故F選項“如果在兩天內(nèi)服用，這種藥可以減輕癥狀，縮短大約一天的患病時間”符合上下文語境。故選F。