People typically wash their hands seven times a day in the United States, but they do it at a far higher temperature than is necessary to kill germs (病菌) , a new study says. The energy waste is equivalent to the fuel use of a small country.

Amanda R. Carrico, a research assistant professor at the Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment in Tennessee, told National Geographic that hand washing is often “a case where people act in ways that they think are in their best interest, but they in fact have inaccurate beliefs or outdated perceptions.”

Carrico said, “It’s certainly true that heat kills bacteria, but if you were going to use hot water to kill them it would have to be way too hot for you to tolerate.”

Carrico said that after a review of the scientific literature, her team found “no evidence that using hot water that a person could stand would have any benefit in killing bacteria.” Even water as cold as 40°F (4.4°C) appeared to reduce bacteria as well as hotter water, if hands were scrubbed, rinsed（沖洗）and dried properly.

Using hot water to wash hands is therefore unnecessary, as well as wasteful, Carrico said, particularly when it comes to the environment. According to her research, people use warm or hot water 64 percent of the time when they wash their hands. Using that number, Carrico’s team calculated a significant impact on the planet.

“Although the choice of water temperature during a single hand wash may appear unimportant, when multiplied by the nearly 800 billion hand washes performed by Americans each year, this practice results in more than 6 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions annually,” she said.

The researchers published their results in the July 2013 issue of International Journal of Consumer Studies. They recommended washing with water that is at a “comfortable” temperature, which they noted may be warmer in cold months and cooler in hot ones.

1.What’s the meaning of what Carrico told National Geographic in the second paragraph?

A. People are more concerned about their health and begin to wash their hands.

B. It’s important for people to wash their hands to keep healthy.

C. Generally, people’s hand washing behaviors and perceptions are not correct.

D. People like washing their hands very much.

2.The figures in the sixth paragraph are used to show that __________.

A. using hot water to wash hands has a bad influence on our planet.

B. air pollution has become more and more serious.

C. using hot water to wash hands is a waste of energy.

D. people should pay more attention to the environment around us.

3.This passage is organized in the pattern of __________.

A. fact and opinion B. cause and effect

C. definition and classification D. time and events

4.What can we learn from the passage?

A. It’s necessary and useful for people to wash their hands frequently every day.

B. We can wash our hands with water that is at a “comfortable” temperature.

C. Using cold water to wash hands is necessary and much healthier.

D. Hot water can’t kill germs.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2015-2016學(xué)年河北衡水中學(xué)高二上二調(diào)英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Human beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way, they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals, and also for making other tools out of wood. Human beings needed to use tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meat eating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily.

Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the first tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to success of mankind.

Since 1960 a new kind of tool has appeared. This is the silicon chip -- a little chip of silicon crystal. It is smaller than a finger nail, but it can store more than a million "bits" of information. It is an electronic brain. Every year these chips get cleverer, but their size gets smaller, and their cost gets less. They are used in watches, calculators and intelligent machines that we can use in many ways. In the future we will not need to work with tools in the old way. Machines will do everything for us. They will even talk and play games with us. People will have plenty of spare time. But what will they do with it?

Human beings used stone chips for more than two million years, but human life changed very little in that time. We have used silicon chips for only a few years, but life is changing faster every day. What will life be like twenty years from now? What will the world be like two million years

from now?

1.From paragraph，we can know .

A. why early human beings cut skin from dead animals

B. how early human beings discovered the tools

C. what early human beings used the tools for

D. what food early human beings stored

2.The stone chip is thought to be the most important tool because it ______.

A. was very important to the development of mankind

B. led to the invention of machines in the early time

C. developed cooking abilities of mankind

D. was one of the first tools of mankind

3.The silicon chip is mentioned in the passage to________.

A. show the changes of tools

B. introduce a new kind of tool

C. give an example of using tools

D. compare the effects of two kinds of tools

4.At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in future is ______.

A. Out of order B. Less colorful

C. hard to predict D. full of meanings

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科目：高中英語 來源：2015-2016學(xué)年重慶市高二上學(xué)期期中英語試卷（解析版） 題型：語法填空

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

I have a funny story to tell you: On receiving my learner driver license a couple of months ago, I started driving lessons straight away. However, it wasn’t until two days ago 1. Dad finally allowed me to drive on the motorway. Our destination was Orewa, a seaside 50 km away.

That morning I made sure I had enough to drink and went to the toilet about three times before we left. I thought I was totally prepared 2. the journey, but I had never thought of my family’s 3. (complain).

“Relax! Don’t hold the steering wheel(方向盤) so 4. (tight),” called a nervous voice from the backseat.

“Speed up. 70 km/h isn’t fast enough. You are holding up 5. traffic,” another voice ordered from the seat next to mine.

How 6. (annoy)! To content them I stepped hard on the accelerator(油門), and within a second, an angry voice began to yell again.

“Stop! Slow down, slow down! Are you crazy? Did I tell you to go above 100 km/h?”

Finally I drove into the city, 7. the speed limit was only 50 km/h.

My family seemed 8. (relax) and stopped telling me what to do. They all looked out of the windows and enjoyed the scenery.

On our way home, the journey was much 9. (easy) than before as everyone else fell fast 10. (sleep). So, I just took my time and enjoyed the drive.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學(xué)年重慶七校聯(lián)考高一下學(xué)期期中英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

I went over my grandmother’s house today and she didn’t have time for me. You see, the lady’s husband downstairs died and my Grandmother wanted to make some cookies for her. My grandmother did not analyze (分析) how the lady treated her, or if the lady needed any cookies, or even if the lady would like the cookies. She didn’t think how much the lady has done for her. She simply began baking.

My Grandmother turned 94 last week and this I believe is her secret to life. My grandmother is generous and hard-working in a way that is rare for our time. She lives by a simple belief: if someone needs your help, you help. Never mind all the analyzing and thinking whether the person deserves or appreciates the help. My grandmother doesn’t sit around thinking about who might be making use of her: she simply does what is needed.

At 94, she is busy in life. She is making a blanket for a new great grandchild, and worried that I don’t have enough kitchen towels for my home. She is bringing soup to a sick neighbor, and teaching the new wife of her cousin (who is 88) how to cook Italian food.

My grandmother had every right to give up, but she didn’t — and amazingly life did bring her good things, like a husband with twinkling blue eyes who was much ahead of his time and believed that men should do an equal amount of cooking and cleaning in the home, three beautiful children (my father and two aunts), 22 grandchildren, and five great grandchildren. My grandmother is not afraid to give someone she barely knows a bowl of soup. She never keeps herself out of the world.

1.The reason why my grandmother made cookies for the lady downstairs is that ________.

A. she thought the lady was too busy

B. she would make them as thanks to her

C. they had had an agreement before

D. she thought she should do something for the lady at the special time

2.In the writer’s opinion, ________.

A. my grandmother will get something in return

B. my grandmother has a secret way of living

C. my grandmother does everything on careful consideration

D. few people are as generous as my grandmother now

3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. My grandfather does not treat women in an unfair way

B. My grandmother cares for her children even some strangers.

C. This is a family in which there are nearly 30 people now.

D. My grandmother never keeps everything for herself.

4. We may infer from the text that the writer ________.

A. thinks his grandmother is living a tired life

B. thinks his grandmother is doing what she should do

C. thinks his grandmother should not be so kind

D. is proud of his grandmother

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆新疆兵團(tuán)農(nóng)二師華山中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第一次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Honesty is the best policy, as the English saying goes. Unfortunately, honesty often leaves us when no one is watching, British psychologists reported last week.

Researchers at UK’s Newcastle University set up an experiment in their psychology department’s coffee room.

They set a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk on the counter and hung up a sign listing the price for drinks. People helping themselves to a cup of tea were supposed to put a few cents in the box nearby.

The scientists hung a poster above the money box, and changed each week between pictures of gazing eyes and pictures of flowers. The researchers found that staff paid 2.76 times more for their drinks when the image of the eyes was hung.

“We were shocked by the size of the effect,” said Gilbert Roberts, one of the researchers.

Eyes are known to be a powerful perceptual (知覺的) signal for humans, scientists say.

“Even though the eyes were not real, they still seemed to make people behave more honestly,” said Melissa Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study.

Researchers believe the effect throws light on our evolutionary past. It may arise from behavioral characteristics that developed when early humans formed social groups to strengthen their chances of survival. For social groups to work, individuals had to co-operate, rather than act selfishly. “There’s an argument that if nobody is watching us, it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we’re being watched we should behave better. So people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us,” Bateson said.

The new finding indicates that people have a striking response to eyes. That might be because eyes and faces send a strong biological signal we have evolved to respond to, Bateson said.

The finding could be put to practical use. For example, images of eyes could ensure ticket sales on public transport and improve surveillance(監(jiān)視) systems to deter anti-social behavior.

1.In the experiment, a poster was hung above the money box to ________．

A. give a harmonious atmosphere

B. remind people the drinks were not free

C. prove the actual effect of different pictures

D. see how honest people are in different situations

2.From the result of the experiment, we can conclude that ________．

A. people might pay more for the drinks at the image of gazing eyes

B. people may be dishonest when no one is watching them

C. no one would pay for the drink unless they are told to

D. just a image of flowers is not enough to remind people to pay for a drink

3.What is the best title for the passage?

A. You're being watched!

B. Pay for your drink, please!

C. Mind your behavior in public!

D. Look out for electronic surveillance equipment!

4.Which of the following English proverbs can be best used at the beginning of the passage?

A. Once a thief, always a thief

B. Lies have short legs

C. Honest is the best policy

D. An honest look covers many faults

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆寧夏長慶高級(jí)中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第三次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完形填空

閱讀下面短文, 從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中, 選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

A little girl lived in a simple and poor house on a hill. Usually she ________ play in the small garden. She could see over the garden fence and across the valley a wonderful house with shining golden windows high on another hill. ________ she loved her parents and her family, she desired to live in such a house and ________all day about how wonderful and exciting ________must feel to live there.

At the age when she gained some________ skill and sensibility(識(shí)別力), she ________ her mother for a bike ride ________the garden. Her mother finally allowed her to go, ________her keeping close to the house and not________ too far. The day was beautiful. The little girl knew________ where she was heading! ________ the hill and across the valley, she rode to the________ of the golden house.

________she got off her bike and put it against the gate post, she focused on the path________ to the house and then on the house itself. She was very disappointed when she ________ that all the windows were ________ and rather dirty.

So ________and heart-broken, she didn’t go any further. She ________, and all of a sudden she saw an amazing ________ . There on the other side of the valley was a little house and its windows were golden. Looking at her little home, she ________ that she had been living in her golden house filled with love and care. Everything she dreamed was right there in front of her nose!

1.A. might B. should C. would D. must

2.A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. But

3.A. dreamed B. worried C. asked D. shouted

4.A. this B. that C. it D. which

5.A. different B. scientific C. musical D. basic

6.A. begged B. blamed C. invited D. paid

7.A. inside B. outside C. through D. along

8.A. insisting on B. relying on C. arguing about D.wondering about

9.A. traveling B. running C. riding D. walking

10.A. madly B. rapidly C. exactly D. possibly

11.A. Over B. Down C. Around D. Beside

12.A. windows B. steps C. center D. gate

13.A. Until B. As C. While D. Because

14.A. getting B. introducing C. leading D. moving

15.A. felt B. learned C. concluded D. found

16.A. transparent B. bright C. plain D. wide

17.A. anxious B. angry C. serious D. sad

18.A. turned around B. cheered up C. settled down D. dropped in

19.A. hill B. valley C. background D. sight

20.A. imagined B. decided C. realized D. guessed

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆寧夏大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第三次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完形填空

閱讀下面短文。從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

According to legend, a young man while wandering the desert came across a spring of delicious crystal-clear water. The water was so sweet, he ________ his leather container so he could bring some to a tribal elder who had been his teacher.

After a four-day journey he ________ the water to the old man who took a deep drink, ________ warmly and thanked his student lavishly for the sweet water. The young man returned to his village with a happy ________ .

Later, the teacher let another student ________ the water. He spat it ________ , saying it was awful. It ________ had been no longer fresh and ________ unpleasant to drink because of the old leather container.

The student challenged his teacher: “Master, the water was smelly. Why did you ________ to like it?”

The teacher replied, “You only tasted the water. I tasted the _______ . The water was simply the container for an act of loving-kindness and nothing could be ________ .”

I think we understand this lesson best when we receive ________ gifts of love from young children. ________ it’s a tray or a bracelet, the ________ and proper response is ________ and expressed thankfulness because we love the idea within the gift.

Gratitude doesn’t always come naturally. ________ , most children and many adults value only the thing given ________ the feeling embodied in it. We should remind ourselves and ________ our children about the beauty and purity of feelings and expressions of gratitude. ________ , gifts from the heart are really gifts of the heart.

1.A. packed B. filled C. took D. carried

2.A. in B. away C. back D. up

3.A. presented B. mailed C. delivered D. showed

4.A. said B. laughed C. smiled D. nodded

5.A. heart B. mind C. moment D. occasion

6.A. smell B. watch C. taste D. feel

7.A. away B. out C. off D. on

8.A. apparently B. still C. sadly D. quickly

9.A. however B. instead C. nevertheless D. therefore

10.A. change B. pretend C. determine D. agree

11.A. sweat B. sense C. promise D. gift

12.A. clearer B. fresher C. sweeter D. purer

13.A. simple B. innocent C. worthless D. meaningless

14.A. Whether B. If C. Whatever D. Whichever

15.A. pretended B. lovely C. abnormal D. natural

16.A. devotion B. comfort C. imagination D. appreciation

17.A. Unfortunately B. Frankly C. Strangely D. Possibly

18.A. other than B. rather than C. better than D. more than

19.A. persuade B. teach C. improve D. advise

20.A. In a word B. Otherwise C. Thus D. After all

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆河北邯鄲市高三10月月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

There are plenty of beauty schools throughout the country that can help you to start a career in cosmetology(美容業(yè)). Nowadays, young people may not be able to afford a four-year college. Students can look forward to attending a beauty school program which will only take a few months to complete and start their career right away to earn money.

There can be many benefits of going to beauty school. The expense is much less than attending a four-year university. Besides, attending beauty school is mostly a hands-on(動(dòng)手的) experience which appeals to many people. Some students don’t like sitting all day listening to lectures and then having to study at night. What’s more, most beauty school programs keep up with the changing trends and fashion. So you will always be working on different hair types which can be fun and will give you a lot of experience throughout the years of your career.

If you are worried about finding a job after graduation, many beauty schools will offer assistance for immediate job placement and give you peace of mind that you will not be stranded looking for a job. Most colleges and universities are not equipped to do that because of the large number of graduates each year.

Cosmetologists will also make a good salary. The average salary will depend on your location, but you may earn a salary around $3,000 — $3,500 a month. This is not including tips which could be $600 or more a month.

Not only can young people go to cosmetology school, but people of all ages can start this career. As you can see, there are many benefits of beauty schools that can be the perfect opportunity for anyone to become a great cosmetologist.

1.How many advantages of going to beauty school are mentioned in Paragraph 2?

A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.

2.The underlined word “stranded” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ______.

A. focused on B. given up

C. stuck in D. turned to

3.What can be learnt from the passage?

A. A cosmetologist gets paid at least $3,600 a month.

B. Beauty schools are not popular with young people.

C. Graduates can easily be offered jobs by universities.

D. It isn’t suitable for the old to start a career in cosmetology.

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. The development of cosmetology

B. How to become a cosmetologist

C. The benefits of beauty schools

D. Going to college or beauty school

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科目：高中英語 來源：2015-2016學(xué)年四川省高一上期中英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Want to find a job? Now read the following advertisements.

FAIRMONT HOTEL

Five Waiters and Ten Waitresses

— Aged under 22

— At least high school graduate

— Good-looking; men at least 1.72 meters tall and women at least 1.65

— Those knowing foreign languages favoured

— Paid 1 600—2 200 dollars per month

One Secretary

— Aged under 30

— Female favoured

— Good at writing and skilled at computer

If interested, call 465-4768 or write to:

Mr. Jack Hundris

Room 0825, Fairmont Hotel

567 Wood Street, San Markers, 78003

Fax: 6954828

WILSON BOOKSTORE

Accountant(會(huì)計(jì))

— Aged between 25 and 40

— With an experience of at least two years

— With a degree and an accountant certificate(證書)

— Paid 3 000—4 000 dollars monthly

— With a practical knowledge of computer

Salesclerk

— Basic education of 12 years or more

— Good at computer

— Paid 1 800—2 200 dollars monthly

Tel: 447-4398

Fax: 3485269

1.If you don’t know how to use a computer, you can just apply for the position as _______.

A. a secretary B. a waiter or waitress

C. an accountant D. a salesclerk

2.If you want to try for a job in Fairmont Hotel, you _______.

A. have to be a woman and know foreign languages

B. should be a university graduate

C. have to be taller than 1.72 meters

D. should be younger than 30 years old

3.From the ads we can conclude that _______.

A. you’ll be better paid in Wilson Bookstore than in Fairmont Hotel

B. all the jobs offered require experience

C. the better education you’ve received, the more money you’ll make

D. if you want to be an accountant, you may call 465-4768

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