3.(★★★★)Early________the morning of May 1,we started off________the mountain village.
A.in; for B.in; to C.on; / D.on; for
2.(★★★★)The policeman helped the old woman________the street.
A.through B.past C.across D.over
1.(★★★★)As soon as he entered the room, he took________his cap and sat down.
A.off B.out C.away D.down
2.The home improvements have taken what little there is ________my spare time.
A.from B.in C.of D.at
(NMET2001)
命題意圖:考查介詞of的用法,屬于五星級題目。
知識依托:little of my spare time.意思是“僅有的業(yè)余時間”。
錯解分析:B項(xiàng)迷惑性較大,受 in one’s spare time短語影響。
解題方法與技巧:of在此表示“……中的部分/全部”,與名詞little連用。該句為一個含有感嘆式賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句,連接代詞what修飾的是在從句中作主語的名詞,little提到從句之首,little前無冠詞表示否定,意為“少到幾乎沒有”,如:
I understand little of his speech.他的講話我?guī)缀鯖]有聽懂。
答案:C
●錦囊妙計
介詞比較復(fù)雜,注意以下表示原因的介詞。
①because of表示引起結(jié)果的直接原因,意義與連詞because相同。例如:
He retired last month because of illness/because he was ill.上個月他因病退休了。
②for表示內(nèi)在的、心理上的原因,常與表示喜、怒、哀、樂等情感名詞連用;還可表示某種動作或結(jié)果的起因。而連詞for則表示某種結(jié)果的補(bǔ)充理由或顯而易見的原因。
例如:He trembled for fear.他怕發(fā)抖。
Thank you for your help.謝謝你的幫助。
When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.他還是青年時就因?yàn)檎卧螂x開了他的祖國。
③by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或無意中造成某種結(jié)果的原因。例如:
Her body was bent by age.歲月使得他的腰也彎了。
The general died by his own hand.將軍自殺了。
She took your umbrella by mistake.她錯拿了你的雨傘。
④at表示某種情緒或動作的起因,多與“喜,怒,哀,樂”等義的詞連用,常譯作“聽到……”,“看到……”。例如:
The whole nation was in deep sorrow at the news.聽到這個消息,全國人民極為悲痛。
He jumped at the news.聽到這個消息,他蹦了起來。
⑤on表示能作為依據(jù)或條件的原因,常譯為“依照……”。例如:
He has given up smoking on medical advice.他遵照醫(yī)生的勸告已經(jīng)把煙戒了。
⑥of和from表原因時常與die或類似意義的詞連用。die of指因疾病、饑餓、寒冷,或害怕、羞愧等內(nèi)因或外因造成的死亡結(jié)果;die from表示因傷、事故等外因或不明原因造成的死亡。與疾病名詞連用時,二者均可。from還可表示懶惰等造成某種后果的原因。例如:
His son having been killed in the war,the man died of a broken heart.兒子死于戰(zhàn)爭后,老人也因傷心過度而亡。
In big cities during cold winter months,many old people die from the polluted air.寒冷的冬天,大城市里的許多老人死于污染的空氣。
She died of /from cancer. 她死于癌癥。
He wasn’t ill;he stayed in bed from laziness.他沒病,他躺在床上只是偷懶。
⑦with指生理上或情感上的外界到內(nèi)心的原因,意為“隨著……!崩纾篏essler turned red with anger.蓋斯勒氣得臉都紅了。
⑧owing to,相當(dāng)于because of,多表示引起某種不良后果的原因。例如:
Owing to the rain they could not come.都是因?yàn)槟菆鲇晁麄儾艣]能來。
Owing to his lacking of experience,John failed this time.因?yàn)榻?jīng)驗(yàn)不足,這次約翰又失敗了。
注:owing to也可表示“欠……錢”之意。How much is he owing to you?他欠你多少錢?
⑨t(yī)hanks to表示引起某種幸運(yùn)結(jié)果的原因,常譯為“幸虧……,多虧……”。例如:
Thanks to the timely rain,the farmer had a good harvest.多虧那場及時雨,農(nóng)民才有了個好收成。
⑩out of表示動機(jī)的起因,常譯為“出于……”。例如:
He asked the question out of curiosity.出于好奇,他提了這個問題。
He did it out of pity.他做那事是出于同情。
●殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
1.________production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A.As B.For C.With D.Through
(NMET2000)
命題意圖:本題根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)考查介詞用法,屬于五星級題目。
知識依托:“with+復(fù)合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)。
錯解分析:四個選項(xiàng)均為介詞,有一定迷惑性。
解題方法與技巧:句中“with+名詞(賓語)+副詞(賓補(bǔ))”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語表示原因。例如:Tian An Men looks grander than ever with all lights on.在華燈掩映下,天安門顯得更加雄偉壯觀。
答案:C
8.(★★★★★)The train leaves at 6:00 p m. So I have to be at the station________5:40pm. at the latest.
A.until B.after C.by D.around
(NMET1997)
●案例探究
7.(★★★★★)-What do you want to do ________those old boxes?
-To put things in when I move to the new flat. (北京2002)
A.by B.for C.of D.with
6.(★★★★★)Did you have trouble________the post office?
A.to have found B.with finding
C.to find D.in finding (NMET1992)
5.(★★★★★)-How long has this bookshop been in business?
-________1982.
A.After B.In C.From D.Since
(NMET1994)
4.(★★★★)We offered him our congratulations________his passing the college entrance exams.
A.at B.on C.for D.of
(NMET1993)
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