2、 介詞和動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞等常常構(gòu)成固定搭配,也就是說(shuō),在這些詞的后面常常要求用一定的介詞。這一點(diǎn)在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要特別注意。如: a.動(dòng)詞+介詞:laugh at, wait for b.形容詞、過(guò)去分詞+介詞:be good at, be proud of
c名詞+介詞:pay a visit to , the key to
1、介詞一般放在名詞之前,但它后面的介詞賓語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞或者關(guān)系代詞時(shí),這些詞提到了前面而只剩下介詞在后了。
第二節(jié) 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
4.though (although)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句, 所以though(although)不能和并列連詞but ,because 不能和并列連詞 so一起使用。只能單獨(dú)使用。
3.從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句不可以與主句斷開(kāi)。
例如:When the alarm clock rang. (不完整)
2.從屬連詞,如that, whether, when, because, though等,用以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。
(一)并列連詞和從屬連詞的用法
連詞按其性質(zhì)可分為:
1.并列連詞,如:and, or, but, so for, 等, 連接并列的詞與詞,短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ),句子與句子。
例如:Rice and potatoes are common foods. (詞與詞)
Today we can travel by plane or by train. (短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ))
Many trees lose their leaves in winter, but evergreen trees do not. ( 句子與句子)
關(guān)聯(lián)連詞是一類(lèi)成對(duì)使用的連詞
例如:both……and……, not……but…….
not only……but also…… not only…but… as well
either……or…… neither……nor……
關(guān)聯(lián)連詞必須后接同樣的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。
如:Either the windows or the door was open .
(四)常用介詞用法比較
(1)as , like
as 表示“作為”強(qiáng)調(diào)身份,like (介詞)表示“像”
As a teacher, he cares for these children.
Like a teacher, he cares for these children.
(2)with , in
with 表示“外貌特征或附帶的東西” ,“ 用……作工具”
in 表示”衣著” ,用某語(yǔ)言,也用in
A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.
A man in black wanted to buy drinks.
The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.
He retold the text in English.
(3)for , to
for表示“為了.”
to 表示動(dòng)作對(duì)象, “對(duì), 向”, 如:
He would do anything for his motherland.
Did you mention this to my father?
你對(duì)我父親提起過(guò)這件事嗎?
for 表示“就某情況而說(shuō) ”, to 表示“對(duì)某對(duì)象而言”如:
It’s quite warm today for February.就二月的天氣,今天夠暖和的。
What he told you just now was not new to me。
他剛才對(duì)你所說(shuō)的話對(duì)我并不新鮮。
for 表示“目的,用途”。與go, come 動(dòng)詞連用。
(4)except , besides
except 表示“從總體中排除一部分”, 與but 同義, besides 表示“除了一部分還有另一部分”
We all failed except him. 我們都失敗了,但他沒(méi)有。
He speaks German besides French.. 除法語(yǔ)外, 他還會(huì)講英語(yǔ)。
(5)注意成對(duì)介詞的用法:
get into (out of ) the car, jump onto (off) the platform, out of
(6)介詞和名詞動(dòng)詞等有不少固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法:
to one’s surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on one’s way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green ,put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, show…around, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,…
(三)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞
(1)into, inside , in 從外到內(nèi) , 如:
He went quickly into / inside the room.
He went quickly out of / outside the room.
(2)out of 從里到外,相當(dāng)于outside, 或從里向外,相當(dāng)于from
She went out of the office in a hurry 她匆匆走出辦公室。
The boy watched the buses, cars and bikes out from the window .
這男孩透過(guò)窗觀看外面的公交車(chē)、小汽車(chē)和自行車(chē)。
(3)on 在……表面,onto 到……上
A boat is on the river. 一條小船在河上。
He jumped onto a tree. 他跳上一棵樹(shù)。
(4)across 穿過(guò)一平面,through 穿過(guò)一空間
The boy kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass.
這男孩用力踢球,球飛過(guò)草地。
The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火車(chē)飛駛穿過(guò)隧道。
(5)to ,towards 朝……去
She walked to the bank. 她步行到銀行去。
She swam towards the shore. 她朝岸邊游去。
(二)表示事物位置的介詞
(1)at, in
當(dāng)事物被視作一點(diǎn),不強(qiáng)調(diào)其空間常用介詞at。而表示空間內(nèi)部用介詞in, 如:
We’ll meet at the supermarket .我們?cè)诔幸?jiàn)面
I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard.
因?yàn)橄麓笥辏抑缓么粼诔欣?/p>
*動(dòng)詞arrive 后接at ,表示較小的地方, 如: 車(chē)站、村莊等;后接in 表示較大地方,如: 城市,地區(qū)等。
(2)in, to
in 表示事物在區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)的位置,to 表示事物相對(duì)區(qū)域范圍之外另一事物的位置,如:
Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中國(guó)東部
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中國(guó)東面。
in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范圍內(nèi),in the front of 表示在前部,在同一范圍內(nèi)。
(3)after, behind
after 指順序先后 ,behind 指位置在某事物之后,相對(duì)于in front of 而言, 如:
He entered the classroom after the teacher
He hid himself behind the door。 他躲在門(mén)后。
(4)on , in
on 表示“在某物表面上”。如將物看作空間,表示在其內(nèi)部,用介詞in。
There is a modern painting on the wall .
墻上有一副現(xiàn)代油畫(huà)。(指掛在墻上)
There is a modern painting in the wall .
墻上有一副現(xiàn)代油畫(huà)。(指畫(huà)在墻上)
(5)from , off 都表示“離開(kāi)”
(6)above , over, below , under
over , under 表示垂直的上下關(guān)系,而above, below 僅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”, 不表示垂直關(guān)系。
(7)between, among
between 表示“兩個(gè)事物之間”, among 表示“三者以上的事物之間”。
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