2.作表語(yǔ)
We are excited at the news.
The news he told us is exciting.
分詞是動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式的一種,包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞表示:主動(dòng),動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。過(guò)去分詞表示:被動(dòng),動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。
(一)分詞的作用
分詞在句中可以作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:
1.作定語(yǔ)
Do you know the boy standing at the gate?
Have you read the book written by Lu Xun?
5. 完成被動(dòng)式to have been done
例如:The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.
4. 被動(dòng)式to be done
例如:The work is to be done soon.
3. 完成式to have done
例如:He seemed to have cleaned the room.
2. 進(jìn)行式to be doing
例如:He seemed to be reading something at that time.
1. 一般式to do
例如:I like to read English.
4.動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用
疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which和疑問(wèn)副詞when, where, how, why等后面可以接動(dòng)詞不定式,構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ),可以在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。
例如:(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.
(不定式作賓語(yǔ))
(2) How to use the machine is a question.
(不定式作主語(yǔ))
(3) The question is when to go there.
(不定式作表語(yǔ))
(二)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)形式
動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種,由不定式符號(hào)(to)加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式的形式有五種:
3.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式
動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式not + to + 動(dòng)詞原形
例如: He asked me not to make such a mistake.
6. 作狀語(yǔ)
He stopped to have a look.
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