15.Overcome the Complexity Within You
Although it doesn't show up clearly in any personality test,some people seem to be likely to create complexity.Instead of cutting to the heart of an issue and narrowing down projects,they allow the scope to keep expanding; and instead of making decisions,they always wait for more data and better analysis.
People of"complexifiers"are characterized with these behaviors,always leaving complexity in their wake and making it more difficult for colleagues,customers,and even family members to get things done.Here's a brief example:
Due to changing market conditions,a billion-dollar consumer products company was starting to see decline in market share and profitability.To turn things around,an industry expert named Phillip was brought in as a new general manager.
Phillip turned out to be a classic complexifier.At every meeting he asked for extra data and scolded his people for not knowing the answers to every detailed question he could think of.And although he was dissatisfied with some members,he kept telling HR that he wanted more time to evaluate them,so no changes were made.Eventually he reorganized the unit into a team that most of his people didn't fully understand him.The result was that market share and profitability continued to decline.
Obviously Phillip represents an extreme example of a complexifier.But all of us fall into this category from time to time.If you want to learn how to think more like a"simplifier,"here are four questions that you can ask yourself and/or discuss with your team:
How much data is enough?Complexifiers always want more information,with the hope that the next bit or byte will answer all questions and hold the key to success.Simplifiers understand that there will never be complete data and that it's necessary to create hypotheses (假設(shè)) and action plans based on an intuitive sense of how much is enough.
Have we agreed on the key issues?Rather than get locked in to a few things,complexifiers ask their people to keep multiple balls in the air.Simplifiers on the other hand narrow the focus to a few key things and give their people permission to stop doing things that don't make the cut.
Do we have an efficient process for rapid review and course correction?Complexifiers like to spend their time in long meetings,sorting through reports and analyses.Simplifiers have focused reviews of the key priorities and hold people accountable for their commitments and results.They also learn as they go,continually testing their hypotheses about what should be done against the reality of what's working and what is not.This allows them to shift course whenever necessary.
Can we explain our plan to others?Complexifiers have a hard time communicating their plans to colleagues and customers,relying on intricate (復(fù)雜的) charts and diagrams rather than simple,straightforward messages.Simplifiers tell stories that can get across the situation,the goals,and the plans-in a way that helps people understand what they need to do and how their work fits with everything else.
Some people are naturals at simplification.But for the rest of us,asking these questions can help keep us honest about whether we are avoiding complexity,or creating it.

Title:Overcome the Complexity Within You
(71)Characteristics/Features of complexifiers●They have a (72)tendency to make things complex.
●What they focus on is usually off the point.
●They are (73)crazy/mad about data collection and analysis.
An example of a complexifier-Phillip●He demanded extra data and blamed colleagues for their (74)inability/failing/failure to answer his detailed questions.
●He claimed more time to evaluate them,but never took (75)action/measures/steps.
●What he did proved to be an (76)inefficient/ineffective process.


Contrasts between complexifiers and simplifiers
●Complexifiers want more information while simplifiers consider obtaining complete data (77)unnecessary.
●Complexifiers keep their people busy with multiple things whereas simplifiers focus on key things.
●Complexifiers like to (78)sort/classify different reports and analysis while simplifiers focus reviews of the key priorities and results.
●Complexifiers employ complicated charts to inform people while simplifiers (79)convey messages through simple stories
A possible solution
to the problem
Asking questions can help identify if we are complexity avoiders or (80)creators of it.

分析 本文是一篇說明文,介紹了"complexifiers",文章首先提出"complexifiers"有哪些特征,然后舉出例子來說明復(fù)雜者和簡化者在遇到具體事情時的處理方式.接著通過對比,得出結(jié)論:復(fù)雜者通常趨向于制造麻煩,而簡化者通過簡化問題,可以更好地避開麻煩,從而解決問題.

解答 71.Characteristics/Features 歸納概括題.根據(jù)該空右邊的三個要點可知,本行表格介紹 complexifiers的特征.故填"Characteristics/Features特征".
72.tendency 推理題.根據(jù)"some people seem to be likely to create complexity"可知他們更"傾向于"制造麻煩,把事情復(fù)雜化.故填"tendency".
73.crazy/mad 推理題.根據(jù)"they always wait for more data and better analysis"他們總是等待更多的數(shù)據(jù)和更好的分析,可知他們"瘋狂地"收集以及分析數(shù)據(jù).故填"crazy/mad".
74.inability/failing/failure 推理題.根據(jù)"At every meeting he asked for extra data and scolded his people for not knowing the answers to every detailed question he could think of"可知,他要求有額外的數(shù)據(jù)并且指責(zé)同事"無法"詳細回答問題.故填"inability/failing無法".
75.a(chǎn)ction/measures/steps 推理題.根據(jù)"he kept telling HR that he wanted more time to evaluate them,so no changes were made."可知,他聲稱有更多的時間來評估,但是從不付出"行動".故填"action/measures/steps"
76.inefficient/ineffective 推理題.根據(jù)"The result was that market share and profitability continued to decline."可知,他所做的過程是一個"低效的"甚至是"無效的"過程,所以才導(dǎo)致市場份額和利潤持續(xù)下降.故填"inefficient/ineffective 低效的/無效的".
77.unnecessary推理題.根據(jù)"Simplifiers understand that there will never be complete data and that it's necessary to create hypotheses (假設(shè)) and action plans based on an intuitive sense of how much is enough."可知復(fù)雜者需要更多的信息,而簡化者考慮問題則"不需要"獲得完整的數(shù)據(jù).故填"unnecessary不需要"
78.sort/classify推理題.根據(jù)"complexifiers ask their people to keep multiple balls in the air.Simplifiers on the other hand narrow the focus to a few key things"可知Complexifiers喜歡把不同的事物"分類"和分析,而簡化者關(guān)注事物的關(guān)鍵點和結(jié)果.故填"sort/classify分類".
79.convey推理題.根據(jù)"Complexifiers have a hard time communicating their plans to colleagues and customers,relying on intricate (復(fù)雜的) charts and diagrams rather than simple,straightforward messages.Simplifiers tell stories that can get across the situation,the goals,and the plans-in a way that helps people understand what they need to do and how their work fits with everything else."可知,復(fù)雜者使用復(fù)雜的圖表來通知人們,而簡化者則通過簡單的故事來傳達信息.
80.creators推理題.根據(jù)"asking these questions can help keep us honest about whether we are avoiding complexity,or creating it."可知,通過這些問題我們可以知道自己是在回避麻煩,還是在制造麻煩.即"avoiders回避者"還是"creators制造者".

點評 題目涉及多道細節(jié)理解題,做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析,結(jié)合選項選出正確答案.推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測,一定要做到有理有據(jù).

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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:書面表達

4.假如你是學(xué)生李華,請告訴你的好友Paul你的暑假計劃----準(zhǔn)備去中國的北方旅行,并告訴他原因.根據(jù)下面提示給Paul寫一封信.
內(nèi)容要點:
1.8月初乘火車;
2.了解當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)俗;
3.品嘗美食,購買紀(jì)念品,認識朋友.
注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫;
Dear Paul,
How are you going recently?Iam writing to tell you about my plan for thecoming summer holiday.As the summer holiday is coming,Iam traveling to North China.
To start with,Iam going to take a train in the early August.It can offer me a chance to enjoy scenery where it passes.Then as planned.Iwill collect some information about local customs in the north.
In addition,Iam eager to have taste for thelocal food and snacks and of course.Iwill buy some souvenirs.If possible,Iwant to make some friends there.Whatabout your arrangement in the summer holiday?
Yours,
Li Hua

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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:信息匹配

5.We met a little girl seven years ago during one of my daughter's occasional hospital stays.Her name was Beth and she was my daughter's roommate for a week.My Daughter and an incurable kidney(腎) disease.Beth was a very happy girl,despite the fact that she had cancer.I was amazed at her will and determination to never give up,however sick her treatment made her.She was always concerned about my daughter and the other children with cancer.
My daughter's hospital treatment was completed in a week and we were waiting for her final discharge orders when Beth appeared.She said"I want you to have this.I know you need a new kidney,so keep this angel pin with you till you get better.She will watch over you and make you smile.My friend,John,gave it to me to watch over me.When you get your new kidney and smile,you can give this angel to someone that needs her,too".My daughter thanked her and the girls exchanged hugs and big smiles.Later that year,Beth passed away.
We kept that angel for six more years.Finally,a kidney became available and she received a transplant.
Now she felt it was time to give it to someone who needed to be watched over until he or she could smile again.She gave it to an elderly man trying to recover from a heart problem.
How many families and hearts this angel has touched,no one knows for sure.But all that it took was a single gift of kindness.So in this Christmas season,create a tradition with your children or maybe someone you love.Give them a gift that keeps on giving.It's a gift from your heart.

61.For what reason was the author impressed with Beth?(No more than 15 words)She was determined and never gave up however sick she was
62.Why did Beth give an angel pin to the author's daughter?(No more than 10 words)She wanted to cheer her up./She wanted to make her happy.
63.What does the underlined word"it"in the last paragraph refer to?(No more than 5 words)The angel pin
64.What tradition should be created as it is suggested in the passage?(No more than 15 words)Give someone you love a gift of kindness and keeps on giving
65.In your opinion what can be a gift from your heart?And why?(No more than 20 words)Dedication.Because love is giving continually.

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