Question

【題目】閱讀理解。

You signed up for soccer, and played every game of the season. Sure, you're not the best player on the team, but most days you gave it your all. Do you deserve a trophy (獎(jiǎng)杯)?

If the decision is up to Carol Dweck, the answer would likely be no. She's a psychology professor at Stanford University, California. She says a player doesn't have to be the best to get a trophy. But those who receive an award should have to work for it. She suggests trophies go to the most improved player, or the one who contributed most to the team spirit, as well as to those who play the best.

“The trophy has to stand for something，” Dweck told TFK. “If we give a trophy to everyone, then the award has no value.” Dweck argues that giving kids trophies for particular reasons, such as improving in a sport, teaches kids that adults value hard work and trying our best.

Others say that there's no harm in giving awards to all kids who play a sport, regardless of how they played or whether or not they improved.

“I think we should encourage kids' participation in sports，” says Kenneth Barish, a psychology professor at Weill Cornell Medical College, in New York City. “A trophy is one way to encourage kids' efforts.”

Barish argues that when we single_out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson. We are sending the message that winning is everything. “Winning is only part of the equation (等式)，” Barish told TFK. “Playing sports also teaches kids about teamwork and the importance of exercise.”

There will be plenty of opportunities for kids to learn about competition as they get older, says Barish. They'll soon realize that only one soccer team wins the World Cup and only one football team wins the Super Bowl. For now, he thinks there's nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners. That means trophies for everyone.

【1】According to Carol Dweck, which player should receive a trophy?

A．Tony, the most attractive player of the soccer team.

B．David, a soccer player who is both clever and funny.

C．Peter, who is ready to help his partners to score goals.

D．Jim, a soccer player who tries his best to win the game.

【2】Which of the following statements would Kenneth Barish agree with?

A．There is no sense in giving a trophy to everyone.

B．Kids fond of playing sports should be rewarded.

C．Kids should be given trophies for trying their best.

D．It is necessary to encourage kids' participation in sports.

【3】The underlined phrase “single out” in Paragraph 6 probably means “________”．

A．honour B．choose

C．value D．stress

【4】Which shows the correct structure of the text?

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】B

【4】B

【解析】

試題分析：

【1】解析：選C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，斯坦福大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授Carol Dweck認(rèn)為，獲獎(jiǎng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員未必是最好的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。她認(rèn)為，進(jìn)步最大的、對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神貢獻(xiàn)最多的和表現(xiàn)最佳的運(yùn)動(dòng)員都應(yīng)獲獎(jiǎng)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

【2】解析：選D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段可知，紐約市威爾康乃爾醫(yī)學(xué)院的心理學(xué)教授Kenneth Barish認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)孩子參加體育活動(dòng)。頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)杯就是一種激勵(lì)方式。

【3】解析：選B 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第六段可知，Barish認(rèn)為，當(dāng)我們挑選出最佳球員或進(jìn)步最大的球員并授予他們獎(jiǎng)杯的時(shí)候，我們給孩子們傳遞了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的信號(hào)：獲勝就是一切。因此畫線的短語(yǔ)“single out”意為“挑出”。

【4】解析：選B 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。本文的第一段為導(dǎo)語(yǔ)，導(dǎo)入討論的話題。第二、三段陳述了斯坦福大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授Carol Dweck的主要觀點(diǎn)：反對(duì)參與者人人獲獎(jiǎng)。下文(第四段至第七段)陳述的是紐約市威爾康乃爾醫(yī)學(xué)院的心理學(xué)教授Kenneth Barish的觀點(diǎn)，即贊成參與者人人獲獎(jiǎng)。因此B項(xiàng)清晰地展示了本文的結(jié)構(gòu)。