2009年高考書(shū)面表達(dá)分析指導(dǎo)（二）

第二篇 列要點(diǎn)

列要點(diǎn)是英語(yǔ)寫作中一個(gè)重要而不可忽視的環(huán)節(jié)。實(shí)踐中，不少學(xué)生因嫌麻煩，往往省去這一環(huán)節(jié)，結(jié)果不是遺漏了要點(diǎn)，就是要點(diǎn)重復(fù)，以致影響了得分。這是非�？上У�。

高考書(shū)面表達(dá)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，“要點(diǎn)是否齊全”是重要的評(píng)分依據(jù)之一。現(xiàn)以一篇看圖作文為例分析如下：

例3：下面圖畫描述的是你的一段親身經(jīng)歷，請(qǐng)據(jù)此為一家中學(xué)生英文報(bào)的故事專欄寫一篇100詞左右的短文。

生詞幫助：十字路口crossroads；違章者 offender

解題步驟：

1. 審題：這是一則記事性記敘文。

2. 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：

(1) 哥哥騎車帶我去電影院；

(2) 在十字路口被兩人攔住，其中一個(gè)說(shuō)道“終于等到你們了”；

(3) 他們半小時(shí)以前因騎車帶人受罰；

(4) 警察罰他們抓住下一個(gè)違章帶人者；

(5) 于是我們照樣被罰繼續(xù)抓違章者。

3. 陳述要點(diǎn)的重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語(yǔ)：

(1) ride one bike, go to the cinema, ride a bike, sit on the back of the bike

(2) come/ get to the crossroads, be stopped by, wait for you for a long time

(3) be stopped by a policeman, half an hour before, as offenders

(4) make them catch the next offender

(5) have to do as they do

4. 要點(diǎn)擴(kuò)充成句：組織材料，篩選詞語(yǔ)，選定句型，時(shí)態(tài)使用以過(guò)去時(shí)為主。

(1) My brother and I rode one bike to go to the cinema./ My brother and I went to the cinema. My brother rode a bike and I sat on the back of the bike.

(2) We got to the crossroads. A young man and a young lady stopped us. The lady said,“We have waited for you for a long time.”

(3) They told us that they had been stopped by a policeman half an hour before as offenders.

(4) The policeman made them catch the next offender.

(5) We had to do as they had done.

5. 寫初稿：加上關(guān)聯(lián)詞和過(guò)渡句組成短文。

The other day my brother and I rode one bike to go to the cinema. (My brother and I went to the cinema. My brother rode a bike and I sat on the back of the bike.) As we came to the crossroads, a young man and a lady came up and stopped us. The lady said,“We have waited for you for a long time.”

They told us they had been stopped by a policeman half an hour before as offenders. So the policeman made them catch the next offender. They said to us happily,“It’s your turn to find the next offender.” We had to do as they had done. What a good lesson to us!

6. 修改定稿。

列要點(diǎn)時(shí)，我們應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)：

(1) 重視每一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，不要故意遺漏要點(diǎn)

實(shí)踐中，由于某些詞不會(huì)寫、某些句型不會(huì)用、某些結(jié)構(gòu)不會(huì)表達(dá)，有些同學(xué)便自作聰明地故意遺漏要點(diǎn)，這種做法顯然是不明智的，因?yàn)檫z漏要點(diǎn)扣的分遠(yuǎn)比錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞扣的分多。正確的做法是：對(duì)于不會(huì)表達(dá)的難點(diǎn)，設(shè)法找個(gè)同義詞代替或找個(gè)相似句型代替，即使不能百分之百地表達(dá)原義，表達(dá)百分之八十哪怕百分之五十也可以，總比故意遺漏要點(diǎn)而白白丟分要好很多。

(2) 分清主次，不要眉毛胡子一把抓

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)于要點(diǎn)式的題型，同學(xué)們不會(huì)有什么問(wèn)題，但若遇到圖表類的題型，則可能麻煩一些，因?yàn)樗�需要同學(xué)們根據(jù)圖表信息自己歸納要點(diǎn)。雖說(shuō)遺漏要點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致文章內(nèi)容不完整會(huì)扣分，但并不是說(shuō)圖表中的所有內(nèi)容都要表達(dá)出來(lái)。此時(shí)同學(xué)們一定要認(rèn)真審題，分清哪些是寫作的主要內(nèi)容，哪些是次要內(nèi)容，不要眉毛胡子―把抓。原則上說(shuō)，只要抓住圖表所顯示的主要內(nèi)容，同時(shí)能做到文理通順、自圓其說(shuō)，一般不會(huì)得低分。

(3) 抓直接要點(diǎn)，但也不要忽視常識(shí)性要點(diǎn)

具體寫作時(shí)，對(duì)卷面上的直接要點(diǎn)考生一般不會(huì)忽略，但試題中隱含的間接要點(diǎn)（尤其是一些常識(shí)性要點(diǎn)）則往往容易忽略。應(yīng)該知道，試題中的某些常識(shí)性要點(diǎn)既是重要內(nèi)容，又起著承上啟下的作用，對(duì)增強(qiáng)文章的可讀性很有好處。同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)中可將常見(jiàn)的常識(shí)性要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類，實(shí)際寫作時(shí)有針對(duì)性地選擇使用，如寫通知、書(shū)信、參觀歡迎詞時(shí)的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)和結(jié)束語(yǔ)。有的應(yīng)用文還需要固定的格式，如日記開(kāi)頭常交待時(shí)間和天氣；信件要包括信頭、信內(nèi)地址、稱呼、正文和結(jié)束語(yǔ)，還要有謙稱和簽名。同學(xué)們寫作時(shí)，應(yīng)有意識(shí)地去使用這些格式要點(diǎn)，確保要點(diǎn)無(wú)一遺漏，從而“覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)”，取得最高檔次的得分。

試題詳情

 2009年高考書(shū)面表達(dá)分析指導(dǎo)（一）

第一篇 審題

審題是寫作的第一道關(guān)口。拿到一篇書(shū)面表達(dá)，首先要審好題。只有審好了題，才有可能寫出高質(zhì)量的文章來(lái)。那么，怎樣審好題呢？應(yīng)審些什么呢？筆者認(rèn)為，應(yīng)主要從以下三個(gè)方面著手：

1. 審材料

中學(xué)生英文習(xí)作多為限制性（或者說(shuō)提示性）作文，即：給出一定的材料，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)所給材料提示進(jìn)行寫作。這就要求我們審好材料，把握內(nèi)容的主次關(guān)系、前后聯(lián)系等。提供材料的形式多種多樣，有文字提示、表格提示、圖畫提示等。

例1：根據(jù)下面表格所提供的信息，寫一篇人物介紹。

Personal Data

Family name (Surname)

Smith

Sex

First (Given) name

Linda

Male ( )

Female (√ )

Country of birth

U.S.A

Date of birth (month/day/year)

12-1-1982

Address

153 Changjiang Road, Hefei, China

Telephone

0551-2618179

Postcode

230061

Fax

0551-2618123

E-mail

MissSmith@163.com

參考詞匯：male 男性；female 女性；post code 郵政編碼；fax 傳真

這是一道表格提示類寫作題，其所提供的信息非常豐富。審題時(shí)，我們應(yīng)對(duì)這些內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分類理順、篩選合并，如姓名兩欄即可合并為一項(xiàng)Her full name is Linda Smith. 通過(guò)分析、整理可從以下幾個(gè)方面介紹這個(gè)人物：姓名、性別、國(guó)籍、年齡、住址、聯(lián)系方式等。范文如下：

We can call her Miss Smith. Her full name is Linda Smith. She is from America. She is about 27. Now she lives in Hefei. There are three ways to contact her. We can send a letter or an e-mail to her, or telephone her. Her address is 153 Changjiang Road, Hefei, China. Her telephone number is 0551-2618179, and her e-mail address is MissSmith @ 163. com.

2.審格式

把握好格式是審題的另一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。通常情況下，應(yīng)用文體類作文應(yīng)把握好其格式，如：日記、書(shū)信、通知、便條、歡迎(送)詞等。

日記的格式為：在左上角寫星期、日期，在右上角寫天氣情況。日記的正文自第二行開(kāi)始。

書(shū)信的格式有：信頭(Heading)、稱呼語(yǔ)(Salutation)、結(jié)束語(yǔ)(Complimentary close)、簽名(Signature)等；信頭包括寫信人的地址和寫信日期，一般寫在信紙的右上方；稱呼語(yǔ)應(yīng)另起一行頂格寫；接著，就是信的正文部分；正文寫完后，在信的結(jié)尾處書(shū)寫結(jié)束語(yǔ)并簽名，結(jié)束語(yǔ)有：Yours (truly/ respectfully/ sincerely)。

通知有書(shū)面和口頭之別。書(shū)面通知的格式為：正文上面正中處寫標(biāo)志Notice或NOTICE；發(fā)出通知的日期一般寫在左下角，發(fā)出通知的單位或個(gè)人的名稱應(yīng)寫在右下角�？陬^通知一般包括：稱呼語(yǔ)、套語(yǔ)、結(jié)束語(yǔ)等。

稱呼語(yǔ)：Ladies and gentlemen; Boys and girls; Dear comrades。

套語(yǔ)：1) Attention, please. / May I have your attention, please? / (Please) be quiet!

2) I’ve got an announcement to make. / I’ve got something important to tell you.

結(jié)束語(yǔ)：That’s all. Thank you (very much).

便條的格式與書(shū)信基本相同，只是一般不寫年份，日期可寫在正文的右上角或右下角

歡迎（送）詞與口頭通知類似，一般包括：稱呼語(yǔ)；表示歡迎、感謝、問(wèn)候、祝愿等的用語(yǔ)；正文；結(jié)束語(yǔ)（多為感謝語(yǔ)）。常用的歡迎用語(yǔ)有：Welcome to our city…/ Let’s give our warm welcome to… / We feel greatly honoured to have a chance to be with you. / Thank you for accepting our invitation to come to … / We are glad to have the chance to be with … / First of all, allow me on behalf of (代表) sb. to welcome …常用的歡送用語(yǔ)有：Wish you a pleasant journey home and good health. / Convey our best regards and respects to … (向……轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)我們親切的問(wèn)候和敬意)

3.審要求

有些書(shū)面表達(dá)題會(huì)在詞數(shù)、用詞、人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等方面作出一定的要求，如要求詞數(shù)在100左右，這樣，詞數(shù)過(guò)少或過(guò)多都會(huì)影響得分；如口頭通知應(yīng)多使用一些口語(yǔ)化的詞匯、句型等；再比如日記應(yīng)使用第一人稱，且多使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)等。

例2：假如你是李曉華，住在江城。你的加拿大筆友Bob來(lái)信談到了他所居住的城市，并希望了解你家鄉(xiāng)江城的情況。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫一封回信�；匦彭毎�括下表中的內(nèi)容。

自然情況

① 位于長(zhǎng)江邊、風(fēng)景優(yōu)美、適合居住

成 就

②經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速

③ 新建了不少工廠、住房、道路等

存在問(wèn)題

④水、空氣污染 ⑤交通擁擠

對(duì)江城發(fā)展的看法

⑥(內(nèi)容由考生自己擬定)

注意：

1. 回信中不能使用“江城”以外的地名。

2. 詞數(shù)：100左右。信的開(kāi)頭與結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

3. 參考詞匯：經(jīng)濟(jì) economy n.

Dear Bob，

It’s very kind of you to write to me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.

…

Yours,

Xiaohua

本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)試題內(nèi)容是以“文字說(shuō)明+表格提示”給出的，文字部分提供了寫作的要求和體裁；表格部分提供了寫作的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。通過(guò)審題，可以明確：

1) 體裁：書(shū)信，且為給朋友的回信。試題中已經(jīng)給出信的開(kāi)頭與結(jié)尾，故格式問(wèn)題不需考慮，主要關(guān)注內(nèi)容，即信的正文部分。

2) 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：

a. 江城的自然情況：地理位置、景色、適宜居��；

b. 江城的發(fā)展成就：經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速，新建了不少工廠、住房、道路等；

c. 江城所存在的問(wèn)題：水、空氣污染，交通擁擠；

d. 對(duì)江城發(fā)展的看法（由考生自己擬定）

3) 時(shí)態(tài)要求：介紹江城的自然情況時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描述發(fā)展成就時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，講述存在的問(wèn)題時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)自己的愿望時(shí)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

4) 詞數(shù)要求：100詞左右，但不包括所給出的信頭和結(jié)尾。

試題詳情

 2009年高考短文改錯(cuò)命題分析指導(dǎo)（二）

3. 動(dòng)詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

1) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤主要表現(xiàn)為：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間指示不符；并列動(dòng)詞的形式不一致；對(duì)主從句之間由于動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致而出現(xiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)交錯(cuò)現(xiàn)象處理不當(dāng)；語(yǔ)態(tài)混用錯(cuò)誤。如：

① (2008 全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

…since I was familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find... 81. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］was→am。 全篇材料時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，惟獨(dú)這里為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此需改為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

② (2008 四川卷)

When they came here, I will show them around my university and the city as well. 61. _____

［簡(jiǎn)析］came→come。由will show 的時(shí)態(tài)可以推出。

③ (2008 全國(guó)卷II)

If I have the honor to be chose to work for the 29th Olympic Games… 76. ______

簡(jiǎn)析］chose→chosen。此處表示“ 被選擇”。

2) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng)

主要設(shè)置下列錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞混用；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞各種形式混用；不定式多用to 與少用to。同學(xué)們應(yīng)明確不作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞必須用非謂語(yǔ)形式，而究竟使用何種非謂語(yǔ)形式由非謂語(yǔ)成分而定。當(dāng)然，同學(xué)們還必須牢記不定式不能接to 的場(chǎng)合，以增強(qiáng)識(shí)別意識(shí)。

A. 謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)形式混用

例1 ：(2008 重慶卷)

And there are many meaningful things that are worth think of … 82. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］think→thinking。be worth 后面應(yīng)接v-ing形式。

例2 ：(2008 遼寧卷)

We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together and the people we were familiar with. 81. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］remember→remembering。此處為狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)形式remember 應(yīng)改為非謂語(yǔ)形式。

B. 非謂語(yǔ)各種形式混用

例1 ：The story about Growth is my favourite American TV play because it is very interested. (2008重慶卷) 76. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］interested→interesting。此處表示“ 有趣的；令人感興趣的( 電視劇)”。

例2 ：(2008 福建卷)

I am very exciting to learn that you’re coming to Beijing for the Olympics. 76. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］exciting→excited。此處不表示“ 令人興奮的”，而表示“ 感到興奮的”。 C. 不定式用to 與不用to

例1 ：(2008 陜西卷)

Perhaps someone who wanted see the play would take them. 82. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］wanted 后加to。want 后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)帶to。

例2 ：(2008 重慶卷)We’d better not to miss the chance... 85. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］去掉to。had better 或’d better 后應(yīng)接不帶to 的不定式。

4. “ 平行結(jié)構(gòu)” 類錯(cuò)誤

① (2004 全國(guó)卷II)

I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum and some…

78. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］visit→visiting。并列連詞and 連接的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞make 和visit 都作介詞of 的賓語(yǔ)，故visit 應(yīng)變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞形式。

② (2004 天津卷)

At weekends, we would play basketball, swimming in the pool 81. ______ or go for a picnic.

［簡(jiǎn)析］swimming→swim。并列連詞or 前后應(yīng)為相同的成分。

5. 連詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

在高考短文改錯(cuò)中，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)大量的并列句和復(fù)合句�？键c(diǎn)主要涉及并列連詞(but, and, so, or等) 和各種從句的引導(dǎo)詞的用法及具體含義。這就要求同學(xué)們弄清句子之間的關(guān)系。有些詞既可作連詞，又可作介詞( 如since, for 等) ；還有一些詞( 如during, yet 等) 很容易被誤認(rèn)為連詞，而實(shí)際上它們卻是介詞或副詞。同時(shí)，還要注意一些固定連詞詞組， 如either ... or…, neither ... nor…, not only…but also…, not…but… 等，注意其中的搭配關(guān)系。如：

① (2008 全國(guó)卷I)

...there for half a month, visiting places of interest or practicing my English as well.

81. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］or→and。句意：在那里待了半個(gè)月，參觀名勝古跡，同時(shí)還練習(xí)英語(yǔ)。as well 為提示標(biāo)志。

② (2008 天津卷)

I have already studied English for eight years, I can’t use it very well.

析： 逗號(hào)后加but。兩個(gè)并列句之間缺少并列連詞。

③ (2004 全國(guó)卷II)

 You can watch your stars while enjoying your favorite music. So then, a concert costs so much. I may just listen to music. 82. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］So→But。句意：你可以欣賞音樂(lè)，見(jiàn)到你喜歡的明星。但是音樂(lè)會(huì)的票價(jià)太高。由此可判斷這里應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣。

④ (2008 安徽卷)

My friend could read some German, but I couldn’t, and I gave her the biscuit bag to find the name. 83. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］and→so。此處表示“ 所以”。

⑤ (2004 湖南卷) The teacher wasn’t looking at me, but I copied something ... 82. _____

［簡(jiǎn)析］but→so。句意：老師沒(méi)有注意我，所以我趁機(jī)抄襲了一點(diǎn)兒。因此這里表示因果關(guān)系。

6. 形容詞、副詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

通常是對(duì)名詞與形容詞之間、形容詞與副詞之間轉(zhuǎn)換的考查。同時(shí)，還應(yīng)明確形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的常用結(jié)構(gòu)，以及比較對(duì)象的一致性等。如：

① (2004 全國(guó)卷IV)

... trying to steal person information for bad purposes. 82. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］person→personal。句意：不懷好意地試圖竊取個(gè)人信息。由此可判斷在名詞information 前需用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。

② (2008 浙江卷)

I headed for the company, feeling sure I would easy finish 300 envelopes in five hours and earn the money. 82. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］easy→easily。finish 為動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用副詞修飾。

③ (2008 陜西卷)

Then John read some reviews of the play, which all said it was a terribly one!

［簡(jiǎn)析］terribly→terrible。one 為名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾。

7. 介詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

主要設(shè)置多用、少用與誤用介詞錯(cuò)誤和介詞賓語(yǔ)表現(xiàn)形式錯(cuò)誤。熟悉重要介詞的含義與搭配是發(fā)現(xiàn)與改正多用、少用、誤用介詞錯(cuò)誤的主要方法。另外，同學(xué)們應(yīng)牢記介詞后接人稱代詞時(shí)只能用賓格形式、接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用v-ing 形式。

A. 多用、少用、誤用介詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

例1 ： (2008 全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

I will first improve my English so that I can talk easily about foreign visitors. 78. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］about→with/to。表示“ 和某人談話” 應(yīng)用短語(yǔ)“talk with/to sb.”。

例2 ：(2004 全國(guó)卷III)

... and we’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner. 84. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］with→about。talk about sb./sth. 表示“ 談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰呈隆薄?/p>

例3 ：(2004 福建卷)

We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about ... 79. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］on→in。表示“ 在( 想法、興趣等) 方面相同” 應(yīng)用have…in common。__B. 介詞賓語(yǔ)表現(xiàn)形式錯(cuò)誤

例1 ：(2008 全國(guó)卷I)

I have often dreamed of talk face to face with you. 83. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］ talk→talking。of 為介詞，后面應(yīng)接v-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。

例2 ：(2008 浙江卷)

Getting out of the classroom is indeed necessary for we all. 85. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］we→us。for 為介詞，后面應(yīng)接賓格人稱代詞。

8. 冠詞方面的錯(cuò)誤

主要設(shè)置下列錯(cuò)誤：表示“ 一……” 時(shí)不用a/ an，在不可數(shù)名詞前卻用不定冠詞a/an ；表示特指時(shí)不用定冠詞the，不表示特指時(shí)卻用the，尤其在某些習(xí)慣表達(dá)中隨便使用冠詞the ；不定冠詞a 與an 混用，元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的單詞前用a，輔音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的單詞前用an。解題時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境邏輯判斷相關(guān)名詞表示特指還是泛指，如表示特指用the ；表示泛指且有“ 一……” 之意，元音發(fā)音的單詞前用an，輔音發(fā)音的單詞前用a。如：

① (2008 全國(guó)卷II)

Second, I will learn more about history of the Olympics as well as the 2008 Olympic Games. 79. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］history 前加the。此處特指奧運(yùn)會(huì)的歷史。

② (2008 天津卷)

One day, the school held party… 58. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］party 前加a。party 為可數(shù)名詞，且此處表示“ 一場(chǎng)晚會(huì)”，因此前面應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。

③ (2008 遼寧卷)

 It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a good time for all of us. 79. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］ 去掉the。get in touch with 為固定搭配，表示“ 與……聯(lián)系”。

9. 句型方面的錯(cuò)誤

主要考查there be，it be ... since 以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句等句型結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

① (2004 天津卷)

It has been five years when we graduated ... 85. ______

［簡(jiǎn)析］ when→since。此題考查it is/ has been ...since 句型。

② (2004 廣東卷)

... once said:“It is us who are to blame for 82. _____ the poverty because we used to‘produce’children without limit.”

［簡(jiǎn)析］us→we。此題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語(yǔ)。

試題詳情

中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法口訣

英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省去了to，其中訣是：一感二聽(tīng)三讓四觀看。

　　一感：feel
　　二聽(tīng)：hear、listen to
　　三讓：let、have、make
　　四觀看：observe、see、watch、look at

分開(kāi)“一段時(shí)間”， some time表示“一段時(shí)間”；

相聚“在某一時(shí)”，sometime表示“在某一時(shí)”；

“有時(shí)”相聚加s，sometimes表示“有時(shí)，不時(shí)”；

“幾次”分開(kāi)帶s，some times表示“幾次，次數(shù)”。

直引若是一般問(wèn)，變間if\whether連。語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鍪�，時(shí)態(tài)人稱相應(yīng)變。
直引若是特殊問(wèn)，疑問(wèn)詞連接記心間。其余問(wèn)題挺簡(jiǎn)單，一切只當(dāng)一般問(wèn)。
直引若是祈使句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞挺要緊。 told\asked\ordered,根據(jù)口氣來(lái)選定。告訴人、請(qǐng)人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句,not to do后邊行。

die of,die of,饑?yán)喜±涠尽?
君可見(jiàn)die by,弱傷勞過(guò)度。
浮生真若夢(mèng)，一刀便成空。
（注：“浮若夢(mèng)”即from;“一刀便成空”指死于意外。

只能接-ing分詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：
建議冒險(xiǎn)去獻(xiàn)身，忍受期待不停頓；
放棄延期悔失去，堅(jiān)持欣賞實(shí)踐成；
注意原諒避反對(duì)，考慮要求不自禁；
允許習(xí)慣不介意，價(jià)值開(kāi)始想動(dòng)名。
如：建議：advise,suggest,冒險(xiǎn):risk,獻(xiàn)身:devote oneself to

定冠詞用法小結(jié)口訣
a.口訣
1.有水無(wú)湖：海、洋、海灣、河等，都用the;單個(gè)湖不用the,(但多個(gè)湖用the);
the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean,the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze River
The Great Lakes(五大湖）；Lake Erie(伊利湖）
2.有球無(wú)星：地球，月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars,Venus;
3.有山無(wú)峰：The Huangshan Mountains(黃山）；Mount Everest(珠穆朗瑪峰）；
Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山）.
4.有獨(dú)無(wú)歐（偶）：獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，the earth,the moon,the sun用the;
歐洲等七大洲不用the.
Europe,Africa,Asia,North America,South America,Antarctica,Oceania
5.有（足）族無(wú)球（運(yùn)動(dòng)）：種族用the:the Indians(印第安人)；球類運(yùn)動(dòng)
baseball,basketball
6.有文無(wú)章：歷史性的文件用the;小說(shuō)等的章節(jié)不用the
The Constitution(憲法）; chapter one
7.學(xué)而不專：學(xué)校放在詞組的前面時(shí)用the;專有名詞放在詞組的前面時(shí)不用the;
The University of Fudan; Fudan University

倒裝口訣
副詞開(kāi)頭要例裝，人稱代詞則如常。
only修飾副介狀，位于句首半倒裝。
否定意義副連詞，“既不…也不”須倒裝。
表語(yǔ)前置主語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)，銜接自然常倒裝。
such代詞做表語(yǔ)，引起主謂要倒裝。
Not only開(kāi)頭句，前一分句須倒裝。
had，were，should虛擬句，省略if半倒裝。

倒裝口訣
副詞開(kāi)頭要例裝，人稱代詞則如常。
only修飾副介狀，位于句首半倒裝。
否定意義副連詞，“既不…也不”須倒裝。
表語(yǔ)前置主語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)，銜接自然常倒裝。
such代詞做表語(yǔ)，引起主謂要倒裝。
Not only開(kāi)頭句，前一分句須倒裝。
had，were，should虛擬句，省略if半倒裝。

試題詳情

 2009年高考短文改錯(cuò)命題分析指導(dǎo)（一）

短文改錯(cuò)題在英語(yǔ)中叫proofreading，即“ 校對(duì)式閱讀”。它既考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的觀察及評(píng)價(jià)能力，又考查在語(yǔ)篇中綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。題中設(shè)置的考點(diǎn)靈活多變，包含的知識(shí)層次較多，因此成了令一些考生頗為頭疼的題型。但只要我們了解了命題規(guī)律、掌握了命題要點(diǎn)，就能輕松地做好這個(gè)題型。

試題詳情

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)難點(diǎn)（一）

　　II． 例題（一） 形容詞和副詞
　　I． 要點(diǎn)
　　A． 形容詞
　　1、 形容詞的用法
　　形容詞是用來(lái)修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)，有時(shí)還可作狀語(yǔ)。如：
　　He is honest and hardworking.
　　I found the book interesting.
　　某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
　　The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
　　The English like to be with their families.
　　多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞的順序：
　　冠詞+序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)狀態(tài)（描述性）+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞。如：　the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
　　2、 形容詞比較等級(jí)的形式
　　（1） 規(guī)則形式
　　一般說(shuō)來(lái)，單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加-er; --est 來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more, most.如：
　　great-greater-greatest
　　busy-busier-busiest
　　important-more important-(the)most important
　　（2） 不規(guī)則形式
　　good (well)-better-best
　　bad (ill)-worse-worst
　　many (much)-more-most
　　little-less-least
　�。�3） 形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法
　　①表示兩者的比較，用形容詞的比較級(jí)+than. 如：
　　He is cleverer than the other boys.
　　This one is more beautiful than that one.
　�、诒硎緝烧咭陨系谋容^，用"the +形容詞最高級(jí)（+名詞）+of(in) …"如：
　　He is the cleverest boy in his class.
　　③表示兩者是同等程度，用"as +形容詞原級(jí)+as". 如：
　　He is as tall as I.
　　I have as many books as you.
　　④ 越… 越…
　　例如：The more I learn, the happier I am.
　�、� You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
　　又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.
　　你怎么贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)老師也不過(guò)分。
　　⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.
　　那一天是最令我擔(dān)心的一天。
　　I have never had a better dinner.
　　這是我吃過(guò)的最好的一頓飯。
　�、� My English is no better than yours.
　　我的英語(yǔ)和你的英語(yǔ)都不怎么樣。
　　B．副詞
　　1、 副詞的種類
　�。�1） 時(shí)間副詞 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等
　�。�2） 地點(diǎn)副詞 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。
　�。�3） 方式副詞 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。
　�。�4） 程度副詞 如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。
　　2、 副詞比較等級(jí)的用法
　　其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高級(jí)前可省略定冠詞。如：
　　Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.
　　We must work harder.
　　3、 某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別
　　（1） already, yet, still
　　already表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事發(fā)生，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句；still表示某事還在進(jìn)行，主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，有時(shí)也可用于否定句。如：
　　We've already watched that film.
　　I haven't finished my homework yet.
　　He still works until late every night.
　�。�2） too, as well, also, either
　　too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，too和as well多用于口語(yǔ)，一般放在句末，而also多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，一般放在句中與動(dòng)詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問(wèn)句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.
　　He didn't go there either.
　　I like you as well.
　　I also went there.
　　(3) hard, hardly
　　hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：
　　I work hard every day.
　　I can hardly remember that.
　　(4) late, lately
　　lately意為"最近、近來(lái)"，late意為"晚、遲"。如：
　　He never comes late.
　　Have you been to the museum lately?

　　例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____
　　A high enough 　B tall enough
　　C enough high 　C enough tall
　　解析：該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。
　　例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.
　　A When I take more medicine
　　B The more medicine I take
　　C Taking more of the medicine
　　D More medicine taken
　　解析：該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級(jí)+… , the +形容詞比較級(jí)+…"意為越…，越…。該句意為：吃的藥越多，我的病越是加重。
　　例3"I haven't been to London yet".
　　"I haven't been there ____".
　　A too 　B also 　C either 　D neither
　　解析：該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不"，而C-either則用于否定句中，意為"也"。
　　例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.
　　A deep 　B deeply 　C very deep 　D quite deeply
　　解析：該題正確答案為B。A. deep用于副詞時(shí)，修飾具體的深，如dig deep,而B(niǎo)-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞，如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞，不能互相修飾。

（二） 介詞

　　I． 要點(diǎn)
　　1、介詞和種類
　　（1） 簡(jiǎn)單介詞，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
　　（2） 復(fù)合介詞，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
　　2、介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系
　�。�1） 和動(dòng)詞的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
　�。�2） 和形容詞的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
　�。�3） 和名詞的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
　　3、介詞短語(yǔ)可以有自己的修飾語(yǔ)，這種修飾語(yǔ)通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數(shù)幾個(gè)副詞。如：
　　He came right after dinner.
　　He lives directly opposite the school.
　　4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例
　　（1） at, on, in（表時(shí)間）
　　表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不確定的時(shí)間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
　　指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
　　指長(zhǎng)于或短于一天的時(shí)段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
　　（2） between, among（表位置）
　　between僅用于二者之間，但說(shuō)三者或三者以上中的每?jī)蓚�(gè)之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí)，也用between, 如
　　I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
　　The village lies between three hills.
　　among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：
　　He is the best among the students.
　�。�3） beside, besides
　　beside意為"在…旁邊"，而besides意為"除…之外"。如：
　　He sat beside me.
　　What do you want besides this?
　　（4）in the tree, on the tree
　　in the tree 指動(dòng)物或人在樹(shù)上，而on the tree 指果實(shí)、樹(shù)葉長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上
　�。�5）on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
　　on the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道
　　by the way 指順便問(wèn)一句 in this way 用這樣的方法
　　（6）in the corner, at the corner
　　in the corner 指在拐角內(nèi) at the corner 指在拐角外
　�。�7）in the morning, on the morning
　　in the morning 是一般說(shuō)法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
　�。�8）by bus, on the bus
　　by bus 是一般說(shuō)法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車

　　II． 例題
　　例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
　　A except B but C beside D besides
　　解析：A、B兩項(xiàng)except等于but，意為"除了…"，C-beside意為"在…旁邊"，不符合題意。而D-besides, 　　意為"除了…之外，還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為：除了英語(yǔ)外，你還知道別的語(yǔ)言嗎？
　　例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
　　A on B at C in D during
　　解析：我們均知道，at night這一短語(yǔ)，但如果night前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞on來(lái)修飾，故該題正確答案為A。
　　例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
　　A to B in C at D on
　　解析：該題正確答案為A。look forward to 為固定搭配，意為"期望、盼望"。　
（三） 連詞

　　I． 要點(diǎn)
　　1、 連詞的種類
　�。�1） 并列連詞用來(lái)連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
　�。�2） 從屬連詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
　　除了從屬連詞（引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句）外，還有其它可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞（引導(dǎo)名詞性從句），關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞（引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句）。
　　2、 常用連詞舉例
　　(1)and 和，并且
　　They drank and sang all night.
　　(2) both…and 和， 既…也…
　　Both my parents and I went there.
　　(3) but 但是，而
　　I'm sad, but he is happy.
　　(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…
　　Either you're wrong, or I am.
　　(5) for因?yàn)?br> 　　I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.

　　(6) however 然而，可是
　　Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
　　(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
　　Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
　　(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
　　He not only sings well, but also dances well.
　　(9) or 或者，否則
　　Hurry up, or you'll be late.
　　Are you a worker or a doctor?
　　(10) so 因此，所以
　　It's getting late, so I must go.
　　(11) although 雖然
　　Although it was late, they went on working.
　　(12) as soon as 一 …就
　　I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
　　(13) because 因?yàn)?br> 　　He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
　　（14）unless 除非，如果不
　　I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
　　（15）until 直到…
　　He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動(dòng)詞用于not… until 結(jié)構(gòu))
　　He stayed there until eleven.
　�。�16）while 當(dāng)…時(shí)候，而 (表示對(duì)比)
　　While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動(dòng)詞)
　　My pen is red while his is blue.
　�。�17）for 因?yàn)?br> 　　He was ill, for he didn't come. (結(jié)論是推斷出來(lái)的)
　　（18）since自從…
　　I have lived here since my uncle left.
　�。�19）hardly… when 一… 就
　　I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
　�。�20）as far as 就… 來(lái)說(shuō)
　　As far as I know, that country is very small.
　　You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)

　　II． 例題
　　例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
　　A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
　　解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。
　　例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
　　A when B where C which D while
　　解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。
　　例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
　　A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
　　解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)難點(diǎn)（二）

（四）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)

I． 要點(diǎn)
　1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
　（1） 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
�。�2） 表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如：The earth goes round the sun.
　2、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
　(1) 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now, at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
　What are you doing now?
　(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常含有某種情感。如：
　He is always doing good deeds.
　3、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
　主要表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?
　4、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
　表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：
　I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
　We're going to see a film next Monday.
　5、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
　表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：It happened many years ago.
　6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
　表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
　What were you doing this time yesterday?
　7、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)
　表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。如：
　The train had already left before we arrived.
�。浮⒁话氵^(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
　表示說(shuō)話人從過(guò)去的角度來(lái)看將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
　He said he would come, but he didn't.
　９、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)             被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)，以give為例。

時(shí)／式

一般

進(jìn)行

完成

現(xiàn)在

am
is       　given
are

am
is     　being
are

has   
　　　been given
have  

過(guò)去

was        
　　　given
were

was  
　　being given were  

had been given

將來(lái)

shall        
　　　be given
will 

shall      
　　　have been given
will

過(guò)去將來(lái)

should        
　　　be given
would

should       
　　　have been given
would

II．例題

　例１ I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
　A had died B died C dead D is dead
　解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，但因從句中有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 1950, 所以不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

　例２ The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
　A is looked B has looked for
　C is being looked for D has been looked

　解析：該題正確答案為Ｃ。在帶有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，而不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中。

（五）動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣

I． 要點(diǎn)
　表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。
　１、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成

情景

條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 （be要用were）

should         
　　　　+動(dòng)詞原形
would

與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反

had +過(guò)去分詞

should         
　　　　+have+過(guò)去分詞
would

與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反

１、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)
２、should +動(dòng)詞原形
３、were to +動(dòng)詞原形

should         
　　　�。珓�(dòng)詞原形
would

　注：如果條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含有were或had, should, could有時(shí)可將if省去, 但要倒裝。如：
　Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
�。�、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用
�。ǎ保� 在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，其謂語(yǔ)形式是"should(可省) ＋動(dòng)詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中。
　句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
　句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
　句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
　如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.
　　　It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
　　　It is requested that we (should) be so careless.
�。ǎ玻� 在賓語(yǔ)從句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：
I suggest that we (should) go swimming.
�。ǎ常� 在表語(yǔ)從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語(yǔ)通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形"。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
�。ǎ矗� 在同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形"。如：
We received order that the work be done at once.
�。ǎ担� 在It is time that…句型中，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是"動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式"或
　"should ＋動(dòng)詞原形",should不可省。如：It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.

II． 例題
　例１ We had hoped that he ____ longer.
　A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay
　解析：該題正確答案為Ｄ。had hoped表示"本希望"，同樣用法的動(dòng)詞還有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
　例２ "Mary wants to see you today".
　"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."
　A comes B came C should come D will come
　解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。would rather后面的從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)表示。
　例３ Had she been older, she ____ it better.
　A had done  B might have done  C might do  D would do
　解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故該題正確答案為Ｂ。

（六）短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

I． 要點(diǎn)
　英語(yǔ)中有許多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：
　（１） 動(dòng)詞＋介詞
　常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后。如：
　Don't laugh at others.
　I didn't care about it.
�。ǎ玻� 動(dòng)詞＋副詞
　常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
　        Please don't forget to hand it in.
�。ǎ常� 動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞
　常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：
　All his money added up to no more than $100.
　After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
�。ǎ矗� 動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞
　常見(jiàn)的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.
　              We should make full use of our time.
�。ǎ担� 動(dòng)詞＋形容詞
　常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，則賓語(yǔ)可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：
　The prisoners were set free.
　He cut it open.
�。ǎ叮� 動(dòng)詞＋名詞
　常見(jiàn)的有take place, make friends等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：
　This story took place three years ago.
　I make friends with a lot of people.
�。�7）辨析
　give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up（放棄，停止）
　put away（放起，收起） 和 put out （撲滅）
　turn up（出席，放大） 和 turn on （打開(kāi)）
　keep out（阻止） 和 keep off （不讓靠近）
　make up（編造，補(bǔ)上） 和 make out（辨認(rèn)）
　take off（脫，起飛） 和 take out（拿出）

II． 例題
　例１ It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
　A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
　解析：該題正確答案為Ａ。意為"存"；keep up意為"繼續(xù)"；give away意為"分發(fā)"；lay up"貯藏"。例２ Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
　        A touch  B relation  C connection  D friendship
　解析：該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。
　例３ ____! There's a train coming.
　A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
　解析：該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。

（七）動(dòng)詞不定式

I． 要點(diǎn)
�。�、 不定式的形式。以動(dòng)詞write為例。

式｜語(yǔ)態(tài)

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

一般式

to write

to be written

完成式

to have written

to have been written

進(jìn)行式

to be writing

完成進(jìn)行式

to have been writing

�。�、 不定式的句法功能
�。ǎ保� 作主語(yǔ)
　To hear from you is nice.
　To be a good teacher is not easy.
　不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主語(yǔ)，而不定式置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。如：It's nice to hear from you.
　  It's not easy to be a good teacher.
�。ǎ玻� 作賓語(yǔ)
　通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞后。如：I forgot to lock the door.
　                     Please remember to write to me.
�。ǎ常� 作表語(yǔ)
　My job is to pick up letters.
　He seemed to have heard nothing.
　（４） 作定語(yǔ)
　不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。如：
　I have two letters to write.
　I have a lot of work to do.
�。ǎ担� 作賓補(bǔ)
　通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞后。如：
　He ordered her to leave at once.
　He was forced to obey his order.
　（６） 作狀語(yǔ)
　He got up early to catch the first bus.
　He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
�。ǎ罚� 作獨(dú)立成分
　To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
�。ǎ福� "疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：
　I don't know how to choose them.
　I cannot decide where to go.
　（9）不定式的否定式。如：
　I decided not to go.
�。�10）不定式的完成式。如：
　He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
　The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.

�。�11）too…to 結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
　He was too excited to go to sleep.
　He was only too glad to go. (他太高興了，樂(lè)意去)
�。�12）主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。如：
　The book is easy to read.
　I have a book to read.

II．例題
　例１ I haven't got a chair ____.
　A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting
　解析：該題選C。不定式to sit on在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞chair. 因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ胶退�所修飾的名詞間是"動(dòng)賓關(guān)系"，所以不定式必須是及物動(dòng)詞，故此處on不能省略。
　例2 He was made ____.     A go  B gone  C going  D to go
　解析：該題選D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被動(dòng)形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。

　例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
　A to be built B built
　C to build D to building
　解析：該題選A。is to be built意為"將要被建"。

（八）動(dòng)名詞

I． 要點(diǎn)
　動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。
�。�、 動(dòng)名詞的形式，以write為例。

式 | 語(yǔ)態(tài)

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

一般式

writing

being written

完成式

having written

having been written

　否定式 not +動(dòng)名詞
　２、 動(dòng)名詞的用法
　（１） 作主語(yǔ)
　Playing football is my favorite sport.
　Travelling with friends at weekend is fun.
　作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜且長(zhǎng)時(shí)，可用it作形式主語(yǔ)。如：
　It is fun travelling with friends at weekend.
�。ǎ玻� 作賓語(yǔ)
　I enjoy playing PC game.
　He gave up writing five years ago.
　（３） 作表語(yǔ)
　What he hated most was doing nothing.
　Seeing is believing.
　動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)常是無(wú)生命名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
�。ǎ矗� 作定語(yǔ)
　There's a dining room in my school.
　All the people watching laughed.
�。ǎ担� 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)"物主代詞（或名詞的所有格）+動(dòng)名詞"。如：
　Tom's going home late made her mother angry.
　Would you mind my opening the window?
　不過(guò)，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)在遇到以下情況時(shí)，必須用名詞的普通格（或人稱代詞的賓格）。
�、贌o(wú)生命名詞
　The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.
　Fire burns better by oxygen being at work.
�、谟猩�命名詞，但表泛指。
　Have you ever heard of girls smoking?
�、蹆蓚�(gè)以上的有生命的名詞并列。
　Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you that day?

　3．后面常接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)
　mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine,
　keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit,
　be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,
　can't help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing,
　look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing,
　devote to doing, lead to doing

II．例題
　例１ She says she doesn't feel like ____ out with you.
　A going B to go C for going D went
　解析：該題正確答案為A。 feel like = want, 此處like 為介詞，后面要接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
　例２ The garden needs ____.
　A water B watering C to water D watered
　解析：該題正確答案為B。 need = want = require. 如果物作主語(yǔ)，此三者后要接動(dòng)名詞或to be done這一結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)。
　例３ Excuse me ____ you.
　A interrupting B to interrupt
　C interrupted D to have interrupted
　解析：該題正確答案為A。excuse 后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，此句中的me為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)（常用于口語(yǔ)中）。

（九）分詞

I． 要點(diǎn)
　分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有形容和副詞的句法功能。它分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩類�，F(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的主要差別在于現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，過(guò)去分詞則只有一般式。現(xiàn)在分詞表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，表主動(dòng)。過(guò)去分詞及物動(dòng)詞表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，表被動(dòng)。過(guò)去分詞不及物動(dòng)詞表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，表主動(dòng)。
過(guò)去分詞的句法功能：
　１、 作定語(yǔ)
　I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.
　The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine.
�。�、 作表語(yǔ)
　When I came into the room, I found the window was broken.
　I'm interested in this book.
�。�、 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
　I'm going to have my bike repaired.
　When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police.
　4、作狀語(yǔ)
　Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.
　The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.

　現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能。
　1、作狀語(yǔ)
　Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful.
　Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him.
　2、作賓語(yǔ)
　I hate being spoken ill of.
　He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation.

　3、作表語(yǔ)
　Seeing is believing.
　The book is interesting.
　4、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
　I noticed him crossing the street.
　Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen.
　5、作定語(yǔ)
　Do you know the man writing a letter?
　The worker running a machine is my brother.

　分詞使用中的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題
　1、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式
　Having cleaned the room, I went out.
　2、現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式
　Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.
　3、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的不同
　現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、正在，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成
　I found the man killed there.
　I found the man standing there.
　4、have結(jié)構(gòu)
　We have the car repaired.
　We have repaired the car.
　We have Tom repair the car.
　We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.
　5、分詞作表語(yǔ)
　We were excited at the news.
　The football game is exciting.
　6、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
　It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.

II． 例題
　例1、Time_______， I'll go on a picnic with you.
　A. permit B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting
　解析：該題答案為D。 Time permitting…是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"如果時(shí)間允許的話…"
　例2、_______ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.
　A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking
　解析：該題答案為C。主語(yǔ)she是被問(wèn)。

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)難點(diǎn)（三）
（十）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與助動(dòng)詞

試題詳情

 2009年高考單項(xiàng)填空大練兵（二）

1. ―He says that ten passengers got hurt            .

―Not            . Only one was hurt.

A. in all; at all                      B. above all; in all

C. in all; above all                        D. after all; at all

2. The film that is on             air is filmed by a top director in            film industry.

A. the; /            B. /; the               C. the; a               D. the; the

3. She had to             from work for days to look after her sick daughter.

A. keep away        B. leave away              C. stay away              D. take away

4. In China most men work             they’re 60.

A. when       B. once                  C. until          D. while

5. The reason             he gave me yesterday made me surprised.

 A. that         B. why                C. for which        D. in which

6. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town        he grew up as a child.

A. which            B. where            C. that                 D. when

7. The basketball match isn’t a recorded one; it is coming      from Beijing Workers’ Stadium.

A. lively             B. alive            C. live                  D. living

8. Zhang Ziyi gave up dance,          to learn acting in the 1990s.

A. determined                      B. to determine

C. being determined        D. having determined

9. The books written by Yang Hongying are         and that’s why she is important among children.

A. taking off           B. taking away           C. taking up        D. taking down

10. We             the general theory of relativity（相對(duì)論）            Albert Einstein.

A. depend ... on               B. thank ... for

C. owe ... to                         D. apologize ... for                

11. When            why he was late for the meeting, Chen Hai gave a good reason.

A. asking              B. asked          C. had been asked           D. was asked

12. I shall never forget the years      I lived in the countryside with the farmers,      has a great effect on my life.

A. that; which     B. when; which       C. which; that            D. when; who

13. Few of us were interested in the gifts we         yesterday, but we had to           it.

A. accepted; accept                       B. accepted; receive

C. received; accept                           D. received; receive

14. At present teenagers prefer going to the net bar,       they can chat with         their friends or play games.

A. when               B. which                 C. who                D. where

15. The little boy hung about the entrance all day,       for a chance to speak to       his favorite star Jackie Chan.

A. to hope         B. hoped                C. hoping            D. and hope

16. ―Why didn’t they keep in touch with each other in those years?

―The reason was that they           the communication between each other.

A. advanced            B. destroyed              C. interrupted             D. struck

17. The headmaster told the boy to           the angry teacher, but he refused.

 A. apologize            B. apologizing            C. apologize for         D. apologize to

18. ―It is bad           for him to point at people.

―Yes. I also noticed a certain coldness in his          .

A. manner; manner             B. manner; manners

 C. manners; manner                  D. manners; manners

19. The opening paragraph could be much better if you           those misleading expressions.

A. leave out             B. leave behind          C. leave for         D. leave off

20. I thought the hotel was too expensive.          , it was very close to the noisy main road.

A. However              B. Except                   C. Besides                  D. Still

21. When learning our son won the first prize, we were in high          .

A. feeling         B. happiness        C. spirit               D. spirits

22. She failed the test, which was her own          ―she didn’t do any work.

  A. fault                    B. opinion                  C. error                D. idea

23. When you treat           disabled, you shouldn’t have           impolite word.

 A. /; a               B. the; a               C. the; an                    D. a; an

24. After           for his rudeness, the young man felt very happy.

 A. forgave          B. forgive            C. being forgiven              D. having forgiven

25. It’s the      in Britain for a bride（新娘）to throw her bouquet（花束） to the wedding guests.

A. habit                B. rule             C. custom            D. law

26. The company was willing to provide us with what we needed,         made us excited.

A. what                  B. it                        C. which                    D. that

27. ―Do you want beer or wine?

―         , I really don’t mind.

A. Neither          B. Either                     C. None               D. Nothing

28.          is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.

A. It                  B. As              C. That                D. Which

29. Recently I bought a new TV set,           was very reasonable.

A. which price    B. the price of which 

C. its price       D. the price of whose

30. Mr. Johnson,           company I worked two years ago, died of heart disease yesterday.

A. in which        B. whose                    C. in whose         D. where

31. ―Let’s go to see a film this afternoon.

―           I like it very much.

A. So what?      B. What for?     C. Why not?         D. Why so?

32. His racing bicycle was badly         in this competition, so he must have it repaired.

A. ruined               B. destroyed              C. connected       D. damaged

33. A big fire broke out in the hotel last night. Luckily, the firefighters arrived soon and put the fire

           control.

A. beyond              B. under               C. without           D. with

34. This Chinese test is too hard. Many of us didn’t pass it,    Bob, who is very good at Chinese.

A. included       B. including       C. include            D. to include

35. Wang Liqin, together with some other players,            China in the 49th World Table Tennis Championships in Zagreb and won all gold medals.

A. replaced           B. recovered                 C. represented         D. recognized

36. We should do all we can            the children in rural areas and make sure they all have equal rights to receive education.

A. help            B. to be helping        C. helping             D. to help

37. With modernization of Beijing in the 1980s and early 1990s, many hutongs were         to build roads and modern houses.

A. pulled at          B. pulled down          C. pulled out          D. pulled over

38. ―Tom, have you found your pen?

―No. I looked for it everywhere, and at last I           .

A. gave in      B. gave up              C. gave out   D. gave away

39. ―Have you heard about the terrorist attack in Iraq?

―Yes, some of the terrorists       and the police are questioning them to investigate the reason.

A. are arrested              B. have been arrested     

C. had been arrested         D. will be arrested

40. Inspired by the story of Bill Gates, the two brothers decided to      a company of their own.

A. set up                B. set down            C. set out             D. set off

41. To her relief, her son who has been lost for nearly a month arrived home,           .

A. tired but soundly           B. tiredly but sound  

C. tiredly but soundly         D. tired but sound

42. Two more pandas, Lele and Yingying were sent to Hong Kong in March, 2007,          

made the children there happy.

A. which         B. that            C. who         D. what

43. When the IOC president Samaranch announced the host city of the 2008 Olympic Games, every one          their breath and listened attentively.

A. kept       B. held           C. took         D. stopped

44. Since the US attacked Iraq in 2003, many Iraqi cities have been           .

A. in rags              B. in pieces      C. in ruins            D. in dangers

45. I think we must set a            to the expense of the trip.

A. limit      B. speed                     C. time            D. distance

46. If you want to get higher marks, you’d better be more careful        you made mistakes.

A. which           B. why            C. that          D. where

47. The Americans and the British speak the same language and        a lot of culture and customs as well.

A. exchange         B. share             C. repeat             D. replace

48. ―Is this factory the one           you worked ten years ago?

―No, this is the factory           produces farming machines in this town.

A. where; where      B. where; that  C. which; that    D. that; where

49. ―Next week I’ll go to England for an English summer camp.

―         

A. It’s none of my business.      B. Good idea. 

C. Wish you a good journey.   D. Aren’t you ready? 

50. ―Don’t forget to take an umbrella in case it rains.

―         .

A. Got it              B. Heard it       C. Made it           D. Guessed it

51. ―I wonder what the population of this city is.

―It is more than one million          .

A. in case              B. in total            C. in time            D. in danger

52. It is known that Yi Jianlian has been selected by Milwaukee Bucks in the NBA draft but many people are wondering if he will           on this team.

A. turn off             B. go off             C. take off           D. see off

53. Some parents spoil(嬌慣) their children. They give their children whatever they want as if they     

         their children.

A. owned                B. owed          C. awarded         D. raised

54. He suffered a heavy loss,         he learned a great deal from the experience.

A. on one hand                              B. on the other hand 

C. however                    D. although

55. He gave us a(n)           description about his visit to Cambridge University.

A. live             B. lively        C. alive         D. living

56. Jack, as well as his friends who         fond of football games,     traveled with the team.

A. is; has       B. are; have  C. are; has           D. is; have

57. ―Do you know          ?

―Yes, it’s Bei Bei.

A. what the name of one of the mascots(吉祥物) standing for prosperity(繁榮) is

B. what is the name of one of the mascots standing for prosperity

C. what the name of one of the mascots stands for prosperity is

D. what is the name of one of the mascots which stands for prosperity

58. Mary came to America in 1990, and it wasn’t long     she began to play a key role in a film.

A. before            B. since        C. after         D. while

59. Tom, it’s         bad manners to blow your nose at         table.

A. the; /            B. /; /           C. a ; the              D. the; a

60. Brazil failed to win the first place in 2006 World Cup,           was a surprise to us.

A. what              B. which              C. that          D. it

試題詳情

 2009年高考單項(xiàng)填空大練兵（一）

1. ― What’s your opinion of the movie we saw last night?

― _____. It can’t be worse.

A. Really boring      B. It was just what I wanted  

C. Not too bad        D. I have a different view

2. ― You must mix the two chemicals carefully before doing the experiment. Do like this.

― _____ Thank you, Mr. Green

A. I know.    B. Got it.      C. Beg your pardon?      D. Yes, you’re right.

3. ― Are you going to apply for the job in that company?

― Well, _____.

A. go ahead   B. it depends   C. it’s my duty         D. mind your own business

4. ― Shall we go for a picnic this weekend?

― _____.

A. That’s great    B. I like it    C. It’s very wise of you  D. Have fun

5. ― _____

― I’m sorry, but I had something urgent to deal with at that time.

A. What’s wrong with you?        B. I really hate waiting.

C. How about a picnic this weekend?  D. I don’t think you’re late.

6. _____ around the newly-built school, we were then taken to visit the high-tech industry zone.

A. Having been shown   B. Having shown   C. To show     D. To be shown

7. Mr. Stove, our new English teacher, is said _____ in Hong Kong for three years before he came to our school.

A. to have taught       B. have taught      C. to teach      D. to be teaching

8. The survey _____ in 2006 indicated that most U.S. consumers were unfamiliar with the concept of green and how their actions affected the environment.

A. to conduct        B. conducting     C. to be conducted      D. conducted

9. ― Have you seen Bill anywhere?

― He is said to _____ Lily with her Chinese in the library.

A. be helping        B. have helped    C. help                D. helping

10. After walking for two hours in the valley, we found ourselves _____ by two strangers.

A. following        B. followed       C. to follow             D. have followed

11. I flew all the way to Taiyuan only _____ the meeting was put off and I had to go back.

A. to tell       B. to be told      C. told       D. telling

12. The girl can’t read or write. Who do you think she will _____?

A. have written the letter      B. have to write the letter

C. have the letter written      D. have write the letter

13. The poor man is in danger. We should do all we _____ him out.

A. can help      B. can to help      C. can helping      D. can to helping

14. Is this factory _____ you went to last week?

A. which        B. where          C. the one         D. that

15. _____ you met with Mr. Green for the first time?

A. When it was that          B. Was it on Sunday when

C. When was it that          D. Was it that Sunday

16. That is not the book _____ you can find the exact answer.

A. which       B. that         C. where       D. on which

17. Air to us is _____ water is to fish.

A. that         B. what        C. all that      D. as

18. Who would you rather _____ with you to the park, John or Mary?

A. have go     B. have to go     C. have gone   D. had gone

19. Jack won the first prize in the photo competition, _____, of course, made us surprised.

A. that         B. which        C. what       D. this

20. Such teachers as _____ not easily forgotten.

A. he is        B. he are        C. him is       D. him are

21. _____ the flight be out of control, stay calm and listen for instructions from the cabin crew.

A. Should      B. Would        C. Can        D. Might

22. ― John’s child burned himself while playing with fire.

― He _____ have left his child by himself at home yesterday.

A. oughtn’t to  B. may not      C. must not     D. can’t

23. ― Did you hear that Harry went to England for further study?

― Yes, but I don’t know when he _____.

A. leaves       B. left          C. is leaving    D. was leaving

24. Though she was born into a rich family, she was _____ to spend money carefully and save as much as she could.

A. brought in    B. brought out   C. brought about  D. brought up

25. When I was worried about why nobody supported me, he helped me with advice as to how to get my ideas _____.

A. across       B. through       C. around       D. down

26. No one was in the yard, so I called out “Where is everybody?” “In the bathroom,” _____ the reply.

A. passed       B. is           C. came         D. appeared

27. She was an excellent manager and used to having her orders instantly _____.

A. violated      B. obeyed      C. canceled      D. created

28. The oil prices in the international market sharply _____ because demand for energy fell last year.

A. benefited     B. decreased    C. damaged      D. measured

29. ― You are late again!

― But it’s not my fault. The elevator in my building _____ and I was trapped in it.

A. broke out     B. broke down  C. broke in       D. broke off

30. The _____ for the security service of flight is said to  have been increased.

A. price        B. cost         C. charge        D. expense

31. He was chairman of _____ temporary government and now has officially been in power.

A. that time     B. then         C. the then       D. the time’s

32. ― The chemical works is said to have been accused.

― Yes, ____ its pouring the waste water into the river without being cleaned.

A. of          B. for          C. with          D. about

33. The researchers built a special container that heated the water at one end and cooled it at _____.

A. other        B. another       C. others      D. the other

34. ― Have you got your paper out of the office?

― No. A(n) _____ was made to open the door, but it was not successful.

A. attempt      B. progress      C. application   D. promise

35. ― I like the Fantasy by Zhou.

― When I first heard the song I knew it would be a _____.

A. hit          B. person       C. show         D. fortune

36. Visiting the Yangtze Three Gorges （長(zhǎng)江三峽）was _____ experience I’ll never forget. I was touched by the beauty of _____ nature.

A. a; the        B. an; /         C. an; the       D. the; /

37. Suddenly a stone hit him on ___ head. It was such ___ severe blow that he gave a cry of anger.

A. his; a        B. the; a        C. his; /         D. the; /

38. ― Shall David go to see the movie this evening?

― Not _____ he has finished his homework .

A. since         B. once        C. if            D. unless

39. _____ the unclear statistics, it is clear that advertisers do play a part in the lives of our media.

A. Despite of     B. In spite that  C. Despite       D. Though

40. ― What are you going to do this afternoon?

― I’ll probably go for a walk later on _____ it stays fine.

A. as far as       B. so long as     C. even if       D. as though

41. Ten heads of state and twenty-six heads of government are reported _____ the Seventh Asia-Europe Meeting on Oct. 25.

A. will attend     B. have attended  C. to attend      D. to have attended

42. Great changes _____ in the city, and a lot of factories _____.

A. have been taken place; have been set up

B. have taken place; have been set up

C. have taken place; have set up

D. were taken place; were set up

43. ― Look at the black clouds. It _____ soon.

― Sure. If only we _____ out.

A. is raining; didn’t come         B. is to rain; won’t start

C. will rain; haven’t started        D. is going to rain; hadn’t come

44. ― Remember the first time we met, Jim?

― Of course I do. You _____ in the library.

A. were reading      B. had read     C. have read      D. read

45. The plane _____ at 7:00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.

A. has left     B. left       C. will have left       D. leaves

46. Jack is _____ of an artist.

A. anyone     B. someone   C. anything          D. something

47. ― Is there any picture on the wall?

― _____.

A. Nothing    B. No one     C. No ones          D. None

48. The plane flew smoothly _____ in the sky and people spoke _____ of the experienced pilot.

A. high; high   B. highly; highly   C. high; highly     D. highly; high

49. Can you believe that in _____ a rich country there should be _____ many poor people?

A. such; such      B. such; so      C. so; so       D. so; such

50. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____.

A. the better voice  B. a good voice   C. a best voice  D. a better voice

試題詳情

中考英語(yǔ)精選單選題錯(cuò)題100題

1 What do you think ______solve the problem ?

A you can do     B can you do               C you can do to          D can you do to

2 In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister.

   A to cry; to cry             B cry; cry            C to cry; cry        D cry; to cry

3 The teacher told us that the sun ____in the east.

A rises                       B rose                C raises              D raised

4 He lives in a village _____there are a lot of trees.

   A there                 B where      C that                        D which

5 He _________ Alice for ten years.

A married to   B has married to        C has married   D has been married to

6 We need fifteen more people _____our team to do the job.

A but   B except                    C as well             D besides  

7 They won’t allow us ________ at this beach.

A swimming                     B to swim   C swam              D swim

8 Is this factory ______you visited last week?

A that                B where      C the one            D in which

9 The reason ____he was absent from the meeting was ____his car broke down on the way.

 A that; because      B why; that          C that; that               D for; that

10 Is the river_____ through that town very large?

A which flows          B flows              C that flowing     D whose flows

11 The teacher told me that the students I wanted to see were seen___ football on the playground just now.

A playing                 B to be playing   C play          D to play

12 The red rose is the only one _____I real like.

A which            B who         C that          D whom

13 All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.

A those      B which              C what               D that

14 Don’t forget the day ______you were received into the Youth League.

A when             B that          C at which          D where

15 I prefer________ at home to ______outside.

A staying, playing   B to stay, play       C staying, play   D to stay, playing

16 The box is _____what I saw in the shop.

A same as          B the same like   C the same that   D the same as

17 The pen _______she writes letters is broken.

A which     B that                 C with which      D by which

18 Would you like to ______us in our discussion.

A take part in             B join                 C taking part in    D joining

19 I’m sure the red team will ______the game .

A win               B beat         C defeat             D succeed

20 Ahead of me I saw a woman ____I thought was my aunt.

A who               B whom      C of whom          D whose

21 _____your help, everything in the room is in good order now.

A Since        B Because           C thanks for        D Thanks to

22 He is known to the world and has a lot of friends_______

A in and out of abroad                        B at home and abroad

C at home and at abroad                      D in home and out of abroad

23 ---Are you going there with them ?

----If you go,__________.

A I also go                 B so do I    C so I will           D so will I

24 -----The flower is beautiful.

---____________

  A So is it          B So it is             C It is so    D So it is

25 The number of people invited ____fifty, but a number of them _____absent for

different reasons.

A were; was                     B was ; was         C was; were   D were; were

26 We haven’t had any success _______

A before long           B so long     C by far               D so far

27 Travellers  ____our country enjoy the beautiful sights in Beijing, Hangzhou and

many other places of interest.

A for         B to             C till           D by

28 If a man ______succeed, he must work as hard as he can.

A will               B should      C is going to       D is to

29 ----I am sorry I didn’t do a good job.

-----Never mind. ______ you have tried your best.

A Above all                       B In all       C At all       D After all

30 The best way to make sure that you can keep fit is to ____healthy eating habits.

A find                 B create              C develop          D prepare

31 We have spent _____money on English books .

A a great deal of  B a good many     C a plenty of       D a number of

32 _______met, it won’t be easily forgotten.

A If only      B When if          C Once               D Once you were

33 The differences_____ these two pictures _____ colour are easy to see.

A in, of      B from, of           C between ,in              D of ,in

34 You should put_____ “s” at the end of this word.

A a                         B /                     C an            D the

35----What’s ______population of China ?

----China has_____ population of 1.2 billion.

A a; the                     B the; a               C /;/            D the; the

36 It`s _______here. We can’t work long hours here.

A very much cold        B much cold         C much too cold  D too much cold

37 _______terrible weather we’ve been having these days!

   A How a        B What a           C How                D What

38 ----Have you decided when_____?

-----Yes, tomorrow morning.

A will you leave          B to be leaving       C are you leaving        D to leave

39 The song ____My heart will go on is liked by the young people.

A call         B calling    C called                     D to call

40 Train services are now back to ______after three days of typhoon.

A usual      B common                 C ordinary           D normal

41 He is the best ____English in our class.

A at           B in                   C for   D to

42 The policeman caught hold of the thief and hit him ____the head.

A in the    B on his      C on the       D in his

43 Did John hit Bob _____eye ?

     A in the      B on the       C in his               D on his

44There is ____ interesting ____ today’s newspaper.

A anything …in         B nothing. .in       C something. .on    D nothing.. on

45 Has your teacher given you any advice______ your study?

A in          B to            C on           D with

46 It’s bad manners to laugh _____ others when they are _____ trouble.

A at ,in             B over ,at                  C with ,on          D to, with

47 Betty doesn’t have enough money to buy that coat. It’s very ___.

The price is too_____.

A high, high       B expensive, expensive  C expensive, high   D high, expensive

48 This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ______comfortably.

A wearing         B wear        C wears       D is worn

49 The diamond is _________.

A very valuable   B of great value         C great value       D A or B

50 Behind the dancer there was a woman _______a large diamond ring.

A carrying              B dressing                 C wearing                 D having

51 The young teacher who has a ____face can make his classes ____and interesting.

A lovely, lively  B lovely, lovely  C likely, friendly  D ugly, lively

52 They were still _____their friends after their child’s long illness.

A in debt to       B in the debt to   C in debt with      D in the debt with

53 _______, my brother passed the exam.

A To my great joy  B To my great surprised  C With my joy  D With my surprise

54 I am all tears, ____,I am listening to you with all attention.

A in another words  B in the other words  C with other words  D in other words

55 He started early _______he could get there before nine.

A in order that    B because            C so as to            D in order to

56 As you know, whether the person will be elected president is matter of ___interest.

A general                        B common          C ordinary           D mostly

57 I _______ by his story that he made up.

A was taken on   B was taken out  C was taken in      D am taken in

58 He didn’t go into detail on the subject ,he spoke ______.

A in general       B in particular     C in common              D in short5

59 We designed the machine _____the purpose _______production.

A for, of increasing   B with, of increasing  C for, to increase  D A or B

60 Hospital doctors don’t go out very often as their work ____all their time.

A takes away     B takes in            C takes over               D takes up

61 We offered him our congratulation ____his passing the entrance exam.

A on                 B for           C with         D at

62 My mother _____classical music while I am ____rock music.

A is fond of, in   B likes, like  C is interested in; into   D interests; enjoy

63 We each _____ strong points and each of us on the other hand _____weak points.

A have, have       B has, have          C has, has     D have, has

64 He is one of the students who, I am sure, always do ____ best.

A his           B one’s               C my          D their

65 The police ____determined to bring back the missing boy when his family____almost given hope.

A is, has                 B are, have          C are, has           D is, have

66 More than one girl ____ late for class this morning.

A are        B is             C was                 D were

67 Many a student _____ in the exam.

A have failed            B had been failed        C has failed         D will be failed

68 What he says and what he does _______.

A is not agree   B are not agree   C does not agree         D do not agree

69 Not only politics but also English is important. In other words , ___is important.

A English, as well as politics          B English as well as politics

C both politics and English                   D politics, as well as English

 70 It was at the very beginning____ Mr.Smith made a decision ___we should send for a doctor.

A what, that         B that, which       C which, that        D that, that

71 On the way back home from the ball, she suddenly found her necklace____.

A missed         B losing              C gone        D be stolen

72 He didn’t go to the party not ______the time but _____he was ill.

A because of, because         B because, because 

C because, because of        D because of, because of

73 The teacher gave me a piece of paper________.

A to write on     B to be written on        C to write in                D to be written

74 I can’t believe he could jump _____high.

A very much           B such         C that          D this

75 -----The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?

------_____________.

  A I guess not so     B I don’t guess so        C I don’t guess  D I guess not

76 The magazine is ______reading, so he advised me ____it.

A well worth; to buy                         B very worth; buying

C worthing , buying                        D worthy, to buy

77 She is on a special _____to lose _____weight.

A food; her               B food;/              D diet; her    D diet;/

78 Jenny_____ a rich man. She has____ him for 5 years.

A married with; married with                B married; married

C married to; been married                          D married; been married to

79 I am _____hungry. Give me _______of milk.

A a bit; a little          B not a little; a bit        C little; a lit         D not a little; a little

80 A good friend is someone _____makes you ______.

A which; happy         B who; happily   C who; happy        D whose; happily

81 He was about ____when suddenly the telephone rang.

A to leave                 B to starting        C leaving     D setting off

82 This task is _____difficult for us. We need ______people.

A much too; another three                   B too much; other three

C much too; more three                    D too much; three more

83 He seems to ______to Jane. He knows her well.

A have been introduced   B be introduced C have introduced       D introduced

84 This is a film ______Spielberg used real actors instead of stunt men.

A which           B whose       C in which                 D of which

85 He ____- much of his success and happiness _____his wife and children.

A thanks; to                B owes; to   C owns; to          D thinks; highly of

86 He will never forget the days ______he spent with you in Japan.

A when               B that          C on which         D in which

87 Which sentence is incorrect ?

A I feel interested in classical music         B I take interest in classical music

C I am not into classical music             D I don’t fond of classical music

88 No one likes _______in _____public.

A to be laughed at; the            B laughing at; the

C being laughed at; /               D to be laughing at; /

89 We are considering _______a sports meet next month.

A to hold   B holding    C to be held               D as holding

90 Which sentence is incorrect?

A He devoted himself to the work of children’s health care.

B He is devoted to his work.

C He devoted all his life to work hard in people’s interests.

D He is determined to make more money for his family.

91 He doesn’t like classical music and_______ I .

A so do        B nor do       C or do        D nor am

92 Friends should ______happiness and sorrow _____each other.

A share, with       B solve, with       C share, from       D share, to

93 ---I missed the first part of the film .It was really a pity.

----You ________home half an hour earlier.

 A should have left      B must have left  C should leave  D must leave

94 The storm died away at last with the golden waves ____the shore in peace.

A beaten                    B beat         C to beat    D beating

95 The whites are ___holiday ,but I don’t know where they have gone __their holidays.

A in ,for                     B on ,for             C for, in             D at, on

96 The river ____are covered with trees is very long.

   A which banks  B of which banks  C whose the banks D the banks of which

97 She likes to use words ______clear to her.

A of which the meaning                        B of which meaning

C whose of meaning                           D meaning of which

98 The price of this washing machine has been increased ____15%.

A up         B to    C by           D from

99 _____someone’s health, you raise your glass.

   A Drink to            B To drink to       C If you drink     D If drink to

100 Please ______me about the interview____ I forget.

A remind; in case          B remember; in case

       C remember, in case of      D remind of; in case of

試題詳情

上海市交大附中08-09學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期摸底考試

語(yǔ)      文

（滿分150分，150分鐘完成，答案一律寫在答題紙上）

命題：潘曉雯    審核：陳雄

一    閱   讀（80分）

（一）閱讀下文，完成1―5題。（15分）

青  花  字     陳鵬舉

①青花又稱白地青花瓷器。青花字原是寫在瓷坯上的，寫了后施釉，再燒成瓷器。字在釉下，也是釉下彩了。青花字見(jiàn)得最多的是官窯上的年款，譬如康熙、雍正和乾隆年款�，F(xiàn)在仿品大都沿用“大清乾隆年制”的字樣。乾隆是青花盛世，從年份的長(zhǎng)久和形制的完備在康雍乾三代中也是到了頂峰的。而且乾隆可能更有后世的人緣，所以要仿青花瓷，自然以乾隆為先了，只是瓷器到底是無(wú)法仿的。譬如這款，當(dāng)時(shí)是由專人寫的，是具有個(gè)人情懷的極好的楷書(shū)，很難仿。明代成化年青花出奇地淡雅，它的官窯落款，也是極淡雅的字，內(nèi)里是少有的豐茂，看上去卻弱不禁風(fēng)。好些年前，有個(gè)鑒賞家，特地給我看一個(gè)成化青花盤。這盤是碎成了幾瓣重新粘起來(lái)的。他讓我辨一下真?zhèn)�。說(shuō)實(shí)話我眼力不到，還好看到了底部“大明成化年制”六字款，說(shuō)它是贗品了，理由是只要看“成”字的一筆折勾，就能看透寫這款的人內(nèi)心的生硬了。鑒賞家很吃驚，因?yàn)檫@盤仿得很到位，瞞過(guò)好幾個(gè)行家了。想不到不是在胎在釉在青花在畫工，而是在字上出了問(wèn)題。其實(shí)該吃驚的是，這問(wèn)題很致命。原先一個(gè)無(wú)名的窯工所具有的素養(yǎng)，現(xiàn)在連鑒賞家也難得具備了。制陶制瓷，還有竹刻石刻之類，現(xiàn)在都被稱之為“工藝美術(shù)”，言下之意就是比藝術(shù)低下一等。然而在古人那里呢？人家才不分藝術(shù)和工藝美術(shù)。因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)的人都很藝術(shù)，他們出手的東西，很難做成不藝術(shù)。這就是“成化”的“成”字的那一折勾，足以露餡的緣故。

②由青花字說(shuō)到以往的窯工，就不免要說(shuō)到民窯瓷上的窯工隨意書(shū)寫的青花字。這是我心儀的青花字。民窯瓷上的譬如“福”、“壽”、“百子百孫”之類的青花字常見(jiàn)，因?yàn)閷懛ú灰�，都好看。有次�?jiàn)到一個(gè)明代天啟年的青花小碟，碗沿有四坨青花，初以為是字，再看像花了，再三看又像字。喜歡煞了，勻來(lái)放在了案上，寫字時(shí)，拿它舀水磨墨。在當(dāng)年的福佑路地?cái)�，買到一個(gè)瓷硯，20多厘米直徑，圓得清秀。難得的是背面有兩片長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的青花字，竟是兩個(gè)謎面。不是古板的七言、五言，而是《紅樓夢(mèng)》里“賈不假白玉為堂金作馬。東海缺少白玉床，龍王來(lái)請(qǐng)金陵王”那樣的句式。這字很開(kāi)懷的樣子，看得出寫它的人，心里很快活。后來(lái)猜出來(lái)了，打的兩個(gè)字分別是“嘉”和“寶”字。這瓷硯應(yīng)該是乾嘉時(shí)候的，很喜歡。后來(lái)不知擱哪里了，至今不知還在不在。也是十來(lái)年前，還在地?cái)偵险业揭粋�(gè)磁州窯的壯罐。這回不是青花字，是褐色釉寫的字。竟然寫的也是謎語(yǔ)。這字寫得更自在了，還是喜歡，就把兜里的錢全翻出來(lái)，把它抱回家去。字是下面這些：“一物生來(lái)兄弟多，先生兄來(lái)復(fù)生哥。生下兄弟頂門市，有了大事問(wèn)哥哥。打一字�！币�(jiàn)到不知名的往日窯工隨意留下的謎面，一時(shí)懵了。于是在本刊上征求謎底。竟然紛紛猜錯(cuò)。后來(lái)是一個(gè)有著學(xué)齡前女兒的家長(zhǎng)來(lái)信了，說(shuō)這個(gè)謎面，在他女兒的幼兒磁盤里有，謎底是“牙”。于是趕忙刊登，和感了興趣的讀者，一起向幼兒看齊。

③前些天在朋友的店鋪里，見(jiàn)到一個(gè)康熙時(shí)的瓷鐘，高17厘米，鐘口直徑13厘米。瓷胎細(xì)糯潔白、釉面堅(jiān)致，體量沉穩(wěn)。更出色的是，同樣沉穩(wěn)的青花字，一行行把整個(gè)鐘面鋪滿了。沒(méi)讀幾行，就感覺(jué)抄錄的是極好的古詩(shī)。沖淡的句子，和相稱的青花字，不由人不喜出望外，頃刻就請(qǐng)朋友勻我了。后來(lái)知道，青花寫的46句230字，是唐代詩(shī)人常建和儲(chǔ)光羲的五言詩(shī)，是常建的《江上琴興》、《送李十一尉臨溪》和《西山》三首，以及儲(chǔ)光羲的《田家即事》半首。這些詩(shī)可以在康熙時(shí)期，由曹雪芹的祖父曹寅奉敕主編的900卷《全唐詩(shī)》中的144卷和137卷找到。把這些氣息相通的詩(shī)句連在一起寫下，可見(jiàn)窯工出色的素養(yǎng)，也可見(jiàn)康熙時(shí)詩(shī)的深入人心，至少這位不留名的窯工，有著詩(shī)的心腸。

（選自2008年10月12日《解放日?qǐng)?bào)》有刪減）

1.第①段“這問(wèn)題很致命”一句中“致命”在文中的意思是            。（2分）

2.第②段中列舉兩則謎語(yǔ)的用意是                                   。（2分）

3.從全文看，窯工出色的素養(yǎng)主要表現(xiàn)在：⑴             ⑵           （4分）

4.以下對(duì)文意理解正確的一項(xiàng)是：（     ）（3分）
  A.青花字就是青花，青花字是指窯工寫的字。
  B.要仿青花瓷就要以乾隆為先，是因?yàn)榍�隆有后世的人緣�?br>   C.最多見(jiàn)的青花字是官窯上的年款，但并非是作者心儀的。
  D.民窯瓷上的青花字寫的都是謎語(yǔ)。

5.根據(jù)全文意思，用簡(jiǎn)潔的文字介紹“青花字”。（80字以內(nèi)）（4分）

(二)閱讀下文，完成6～12題。（22分）

美 生 靈   張煒

    ①暮色中，河灣里落滿云霞，與天際的顏色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水灣。一群羊正在低頭覓食。這些美生靈自由自在地享受著這個(gè)黃昏。這兒水草肥美，讓它們長(zhǎng)得肥滾滾的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們那可愛(ài)的神情，潔白的牙齒，那豐富而單純的表情。如果稍稍長(zhǎng)久一點(diǎn)端詳這張張面龐，還會(huì)生出無(wú)限的憐憫。

    ②沒(méi)有比它們更柔情、更需要依戀和愛(ài)護(hù)的動(dòng)物了。它們與人類有著至為緊密的關(guān)系，它們幾乎成為所有食肉動(dòng)物腹中之物，特別包括了人類。它們被豢養(yǎng)，被保護(hù)，卻要為之付出生命的代價(jià)。它們只吃草，生成的卻是奶、是最后交出的肉體。它們咩咩的叫聲，可以呼喚出多少美好的情愫。它們那神秘的、不可理解的互相傾訴和呼喚，那由于鳴叫而微微開(kāi)啟的嘴巴、上皺的鼻梁都讓人感到一個(gè)純潔的生命的可愛(ài)。

    ③它們像玉石一樣的灰藍(lán)色眼睛，一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地看著你，直到把你看得羞愧，看得不知所措。

    ④人在這種美生靈面前，應(yīng)該更多地悟想。人一生要有多少事情要做，要克服多少障礙，才能走到完美的彼岸。這遙遙無(wú)期的旅程，折磨的恰是人類自己的靈魂，而不僅僅是這一類生靈。人類一天不能揩掉手上的血跡，就一天不會(huì)獲得最終的幸福。這是人類的全體未曾被告知的一個(gè)大限、一個(gè)可怕的命數(shù)。在這個(gè)命數(shù)面前，敏慧的心應(yīng)該有所震栗。

    ⑤溫柔和弱小常被欺辱，可是生命的無(wú)可企及的美卻可以摧毀一切。它最終仍然具有威懾力和滌蕩力。

    ⑥三只小羊跟在它們的母親身邊，那種稚聲稚氣的咩咩聲至為動(dòng)人，它們的母親對(duì)它們的呼叫幾乎充耳不聞。它需要抓緊時(shí)間攝取更多養(yǎng)料，以便生成奶水來(lái)飼喂它們。它知道這些撒嬌聲，這嗲聲嗲氣的求告呼喊沒(méi)有多少要緊。三個(gè)孩子沒(méi)有使母親注意它們，最后就自覺(jué)無(wú)聊地在一塊兒戲耍起來(lái)，像賭氣似的，離母親盡可能遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)，用有些笨拙的、粗粗的、像木棍一樣的前腿去踢踏綠草；或者是瞅準(zhǔn)一個(gè)踽踽前行的小甲蟲(chóng)，用毛烘烘的嘴巴去觸碰，打一個(gè)不為人知的小噴嚏……這樣的把戲玩了一會(huì)兒重又無(wú)趣起來(lái)，它們就一塊向著遠(yuǎn)方奔跑，一躥一躥的，那是學(xué)著大羊們奔跑的樣子。它們一口氣跑到了河邊。最后它們返回，從幾只大羊的空隙中站直起來(lái)――它們想起了母親，立刻驚慌失措地呼叫起來(lái)。它們的母親也在尋找孩子――它們一抬頭發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們不見(jiàn)了。母親的叫聲比小羊的叫聲要粗重有力多了。這遙遙相對(duì)的呼應(yīng)此起彼伏，漸漸驚動(dòng)了群羊。所有的羊都昂頭發(fā)出了叫聲，幫一個(gè)母親或三個(gè)孩子。后來(lái)它們?nèi)齻�(gè)重新回到母親身邊，羊群才又開(kāi)始尋找食物。

    ⑦羊們幾乎毫無(wú)侵犯性，全身都蓄滿了陽(yáng)光。它們把這溫暖和熱量分贈(zèng)人類，人類卻對(duì)這寶貴的饋贈(zèng)毫無(wú)感謝之情。他們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于從羸弱的生命里索取和掠奪，因?yàn)樗麄冏约涸谕�類中也常常這樣去做。比起很多更弱小的生命來(lái)，人類幾乎不懂得羞愧。他們更多的時(shí)間像羊一樣吃草，有機(jī)會(huì)卻要放下草吃羊。他們常常奢談自然界的所謂“食物鏈”，卻從來(lái)不研究自己與其他動(dòng)植物所構(gòu)成的“食物鏈”。在整個(gè)神奇宇宙的生命鏈條中，人類構(gòu)成了多么可怕的一環(huán)。作為某些個(gè)體，他們不乏優(yōu)秀的悟者；作為群體，他們卻是無(wú)知的莽漢。他們?cè)诎颜麄�(gè)星球推向毀滅的邊緣，卻又沾沾自喜地夸耀和驕傲……

    ⑧暮色蒼茫中，這一群美生靈被霞光勾勒出一片剪影。它們馱著所剩無(wú)幾的光明踽踽而行。在這生命進(jìn)化的歷史上，它們的確是一些跨過(guò)了漫長(zhǎng)世紀(jì)的蒼老的生命，它們也許懂得太多太多：關(guān)于這個(gè)星球、關(guān)于漫漫時(shí)光、關(guān)于生命的奧秘。

    ⑨原來(lái)它們頷下垂掛的那一縷胡須，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是什么滑稽的標(biāo)志，而是某種深刻的象征。它們正因?yàn)閷?duì)這個(gè)世界知曉得太多了，才這樣聽(tīng)天由命。

    ⑩它們從來(lái)都沒(méi)有停止去做的，就是用自己弱小的身軀，每天馱回最后一縷陽(yáng)光。

6. 第①節(jié)中“生出無(wú)限的憐憫”的原因是：                           （2分）

7. 綜觀全文，概括將羊稱作“美生靈”的主要理由：（3分）

⑴      　　           ⑵        　　            ⑶        　　         

8.第③節(jié)中“它們像玉石一樣的灰藍(lán)色眼睛”運(yùn)用               修辭手法，主要作用是                                                     。（3分）

9.第④節(jié)末尾句中的“這個(gè)命數(shù)”具體指的是：                        （2分）

10.第⑦段寫到：“作為某些個(gè)體，他們不乏優(yōu)秀的悟者；作為群體，他們卻是無(wú)知的莽漢�！甭�(lián)系上下文看，人類的無(wú)知表現(xiàn)在哪些方面？（3分）

⑴                      ⑵                         ⑶                  

11. 請(qǐng)就第⑥小節(jié)描寫的某一特點(diǎn)作簡(jiǎn)要賞析(60字以內(nèi))。（3分）

12.對(duì)文章分析正確的兩項(xiàng)是：（      ）（      ）（6分）

A. 這篇記敘性散文探討的是如何尊敬自然，善待生靈，與自然構(gòu)成親密關(guān)系的問(wèn)題。

B. 文章開(kāi)頭寫一群羊黃昏時(shí)分在河邊覓食，如詩(shī)如畫，又以“馱回陽(yáng)光”作結(jié)，首尾呼應(yīng)，結(jié)構(gòu)圓合。

C. 本文感情基調(diào)明朗，直接贊美羊的那種毫無(wú)侵犯性的奉獻(xiàn)精神，同時(shí)委婉含蓄地批判了人類的野蠻索取和掠奪行為。

D. 本文感悟獨(dú)特、思考深刻，所談的是人類自身的美丑、人類自我拯救的問(wèn)題，很有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。

E. 本文感情真摯，立場(chǎng)鮮明，在贊美羊的奉獻(xiàn)精神的同時(shí)，批判了除羊之外的包括人類在內(nèi)的其他生靈的丑惡，發(fā)人深省。

F. 本文運(yùn)用了比喻、擬人、對(duì)比、夸張等多種修辭手法，刻畫羊的形象，表現(xiàn)對(duì)羊的憐憫之情。

（三）填寫下列名篇名句中的空缺（每空必填）。（6分）

13．

⑴香霧云鬟濕，                     。（杜甫《月夜》）

⑵三山半落青天外，                         。（李白《登金陵鳳凰臺(tái)》）

⑶霧失樓臺(tái)，月迷津渡，                      。（秦觀《踏莎行•郴州旅舍》）

⑷落日樓頭，                   ， 江南游子。（辛棄疾《水龍吟•登建康賞心亭》）

⑸                      ，善假于物也。（荀子《勸學(xué)》）

⑹彼童子之師，授之書(shū)而習(xí)其句讀者，                    。（韓愈《師說(shuō)》）

⑺人有悲歡離合，                ，此事古難全。(蘇軾《水調(diào)歌頭》)

⑻曉來(lái)誰(shuí)染霜林醉？                        。(王實(shí)甫《西廂記》)

（四）閱讀下面的一首宋詞，完成第14―16題。（8分）

踏莎行

歐陽(yáng)修

候館梅殘，溪橋柳細(xì)，草薰風(fēng)暖搖征轡。離愁漸遠(yuǎn)漸無(wú)窮，迢迢不斷如春水。

寸寸柔腸，盈盈粉淚，樓高莫近危闌倚。平蕪盡處是春山，行人更在春山外。

14．歐陽(yáng)修，字永叔，謚號(hào)       。我們?cè)诟咧薪滩闹袑W(xué)過(guò)他的文章《          》（2分）

15．下面對(duì)于本詞的分析，不正確的一項(xiàng)是：（      ）（3分）

A．作者以對(duì)句開(kāi)篇，通過(guò)候館、溪橋點(diǎn)明旅途，通過(guò)梅殘、柳細(xì)點(diǎn)明時(shí)令，在讀者眼前展現(xiàn)了一幅初春的景色。

B．接著，作者寫草薰、風(fēng)暖、水綠，通過(guò)對(duì)美好春光的描寫，來(lái)反襯行人的離愁別緒，使抽象的情感變成具體的形象。

C．下闋變換角度，行人由自己感到離愁的無(wú)窮無(wú)盡，推想到居家的愛(ài)人也一定相同，進(jìn)而將離愁別緒抒發(fā)的淋漓盡致。

D．這首詞通過(guò)對(duì)行人旅途中所見(jiàn)所感和居家愛(ài)人登樓遠(yuǎn)眺的心情的描寫，細(xì)膩地表現(xiàn)了一個(gè)女子的離愁別緒。

16．本詞藝術(shù)手法運(yùn)用很有特色，請(qǐng)從虛實(shí)結(jié)合的角度寫一段賞析文字。（3分）

（五）閱讀下文，完成第17-21題。（16分）

李賀字長(zhǎng)吉，系出鄭王后。七歲能辭章，韓愈、皇甫?始聞未信，過(guò)其家，使賀賦詩(shī)，援筆輒就如宿構(gòu)，自目曰“高軒過(guò)”，二人大驚，自是有名。為人纖瘦，通眉，長(zhǎng)指爪，能疾書(shū)。每旦日出，騎弱馬，從小奚奴，背古錦囊，遇所得，書(shū)投囊中。未始先立題然后為詩(shī)，如他人牽合課程者。及暮歸，足成之。非大醉、吊喪日率如此，過(guò)亦不甚省。母使婢探囊中，見(jiàn)所書(shū)多，即怒曰：“是兒要嘔出心乃已耳！”以父名晉肅，不肯舉進(jìn)士，愈為作《諱辯》，然卒亦不就舉。辭尚奇詭，所得皆警邁，絕去翰墨畦徑，當(dāng)時(shí)無(wú)能效者。樂(lè)府?dāng)?shù)十篇，云韶諸工皆合之弦管。為協(xié)律郎，卒年二十七。與游者權(quán)璩、楊敬之、王恭元，每撰著，時(shí)為所取去。賀亦早逝，故其詩(shī)歌世傳者鮮焉。            

（節(jié)選自《新唐書(shū)•文藝下》）

17．寫出下列加點(diǎn)詞在句中的意思。（4分）

⑴每旦日出 （       ）             ⑵如他人牽合課程者（       ）

⑶非大醉、吊喪日率如此 （       ） ⑷當(dāng)時(shí)無(wú)能效者（       ）

18．下列句中“為”用法與其他三項(xiàng)不同的一項(xiàng)是：（      ）（2分）

A．愈為作《諱辯》               B．時(shí)為所取去

C．為協(xié)律郎，卒年二十七         D．君為我呼入

19．把下列句子譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。（6分）

（1）援筆輒就如宿構(gòu)，自目曰“高軒過(guò)”。

（2）及暮歸，足成之。

20．李賀“卒亦不就舉”的原因是（用自己的話回答）                 。（1分）

21．本文敘寫李賀的生平事略，突出了他的哪些與眾不同之處？（3分）

（六）閱讀下文，完成第22―26題。（13分）

　　　李  斯  論（節(jié)選）　　　　姚鼐

①蘇子瞻謂李斯以荀卿之學(xué)亂天下，是不然。秦之亂天下之法，無(wú)待于李斯，斯亦未嘗以其學(xué)事秦。

②當(dāng)秦之中葉，孝公即位，得商鞅任之。商鞅教孝公燔^①《詩(shī)》、《書(shū)》，明法令，設(shè)告坐^②之過(guò)，而禁游宦之民。因秦國(guó)地形便利，用其法，富強(qiáng)數(shù)世，兼并諸侯，迄至始皇。始皇之時(shí)，一用商鞅成法而已。雖李斯助之，言其便利，益成秦亂。然使李斯不言其便，始皇固自為之而不厭，何也？秦之甘于刻薄而便于嚴(yán)法久矣，其后世所習(xí)以為善者也。

③斯逆探^③始皇、二世之心，非是不足以中（zhòng）侈君而張^④吾之寵，是以盡舍其師荀卿之學(xué)，而為商鞅之學(xué)；掃去三代先王仁政，而一切取自恣肆以為治。焚《詩(shī)》、《書(shū)》，禁學(xué)士，滅三代法而尚督責(zé)，斯非行其學(xué)也，趨時(shí)而已。設(shè)所遭值^⑤非始皇、二世，斯之術(shù)將不出于此，非為仁也，亦以趨時(shí)而已。

④吾謂人臣善探其君之隱，一以委曲變化從世好者，其為人尤可畏哉！

注釋：①燔：焚燒  ②告坐：被告發(fā)而連坐  ③逆探：預(yù)先了解  ④張：擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)張  ⑤遭值：遇到、碰上

22.文章批駁了一位名家的觀點(diǎn)，那位名家的觀點(diǎn)是：（用自己的話回答）（1分）

23.下列說(shuō)法符合文意的一項(xiàng)是：（      ）（3分）

A.商鞅教唆秦孝公禁止官員和民眾打成一片。

B.秦國(guó)禍亂天下的辦法主要是由李斯設(shè)計(jì)的。

C.秦國(guó)樂(lè)于實(shí)施嚴(yán)法是久已習(xí)慣并感覺(jué)良好。

D.李斯助秦始皇焚書(shū)坑儒源于他的師門傳授。

24.作者認(rèn)為秦始皇是怎樣一個(gè)人，文中最能體現(xiàn)這一認(rèn)識(shí)的一個(gè)字是    。（2分）

25.文章第②段和第③段分別論述的觀點(diǎn)是（用文中的話回答）（4分）

第②段論述                                                         

第③段論述                                                         

26.作者寫作《李斯論》的用意是什么？（3分）

二   作    文 （70分）

27．閱讀下面的文字，按要求作文。

⑴87歲的中國(guó)畫家吳冠中先生，最近在香港中文大學(xué)接受榮譽(yù)文學(xué)博士稱號(hào)時(shí)說(shuō)：“如果畫，一定要畫出新的想法、新的感受，重復(fù)自己是可恥的�！�

⑵也有人說(shuō)“重復(fù)是成功之母”，意大利著名畫家達(dá)芬奇不就是從一次次畫蛋中走向成功的嗎？

要求：請(qǐng)聯(lián)系實(shí)際寫一篇不少于800字的文章，題目自擬。

   上海交通大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2008-2009學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期

高三語(yǔ)文摸底試卷答題紙

一    閱   讀（80分）

（一）閱讀下文，完成1～5題。（15分）

1.                                                              

2.                                                               

3.（1）                          （2）                         

4.（     ）

5.

(二)閱讀下文，完成6～12題。（22分）

6.                                                                

7.⑴        　         ⑵                   ⑶     　          

8.                                                                

9.                                                                

10.⑴        　          ⑵     　            ⑶                

11.                                                              

12.（       ）（       ）

（三）填寫下列名篇名句中的空缺（每空必填）。（6分）  

13.⑴                             ⑵                             

⑶                             ⑷                            

⑸                             ⑹                            

⑺                             ⑻                            

(四)閱讀下面的宋詞，完成14～16題。（8分）

14．                               （2分）

15．（         ）（3分）

16．（3分）

(五)閱讀下文，完成17～21題。（16分）

17．⑴（         ） ⑵（          ）  ⑶（          ） ⑷（          ）

18．（       ）

19．⑴                                                                      

    ⑵                                                                        

20．                                                                       

21．                                                                        

（六）閱讀下文，完成第22―26題。（13分）

22.                                                                         

23. （        ）    24.        

25.第②段論述                                                                

第③段論述                                                               

26.                                                                         

試題詳情