1. -- Never go out at night, child.
-- ____.
A. You don't know about it
B. I'm so foolish as that
C. Yes, 1 will do
D. I won't
1.et's starfwork at once.我們馬上開始:J:作吧。
④有主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu).例如:
You clean the blackboard.你去擦黑板。
⑤加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu),例如:
Do come,please!請(qǐng)務(wù)必來!
[考點(diǎn)2]怎樣用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)喜悅或不幸的應(yīng)答
(NMET 1999)
-- I had a really good weekend at my uncle's. -- ____.
A.Oh, that's very nice of you
B.Congratulations
C.It's a pleasure
D.Oh, I'm glad to hear that
[答案與解析]D這道題考查的是對(duì)喜悅的應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)。
A項(xiàng)表示對(duì)別人的夸獎(jiǎng)和贊美,英美人士一般以致謝
表達(dá)禮貌和自信,或?qū)e人提供幫助表示感謝;B項(xiàng)表
示對(duì)別人的成功表示祝賀;C項(xiàng)則表示愿意為你效勞。
根據(jù)上下文可知。對(duì)方是說“周末在叔叔家過得很開
心”,那么應(yīng)答者應(yīng)替對(duì)方感到高興。故只有D項(xiàng)正
確。
[歸納]常見的對(duì)喜悅或不幸的應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)還有:
①I'm sorry to hear that.
②Really?
③I wish…
④lf we/they were to…we/they could…
⑤Is that so?例如:
-- My mother has caught a bad cold. 我媽媽得了重感
冒。
-- I'm sorry to hear that. 真遺憾。
[考點(diǎn)3]怎樣用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)建議或征求對(duì)方意見
(2002北京春招)
-- I've got your invitation.
-- Oh, good. ____.
A. Can you come? B. Thanks a lot.
C. I'll take it. D. May I help you?
[答案與解析]A 此題考查交際語(yǔ)言中表達(dá)建議或征
求對(duì)方意見的具體運(yùn)用。A項(xiàng)表示“你能來嗎?”,這是
征求對(duì)方意見;B項(xiàng)表示“感謝”。但是沒有表示邀請(qǐng);C
項(xiàng)則表示“我買了”。與上文不符;D項(xiàng)表示“有什么要
我做的嗎?”。故只有A項(xiàng)正確。
[歸納]交際語(yǔ)言中表達(dá)建議或征求對(duì)方意見時(shí).常見
的方式有:
① 用Shall開頭的一般疑問句。其肯定回答一般可用:
All right()K;Good idea等。
② 用Let's...?表示“讓我們(包括雙方在內(nèi))做某事”。
例如:
Let's go and see the pandas.
③ 用 Why not...?后接不帶to的不定式(即動(dòng)詞原
形),是省略形式。完整句為Why don't you / they /
we…? 意思是“為什么不……?”例如:
Why don't you try again?:Why not try again?
④ 用What about...? 意為“……怎么樣?”后可接名詞,
代詞和動(dòng)名詞。例如:
I'm going to the park. What about you?
⑤ 用had better意為“最好”,“還是……好”,常用于口
語(yǔ),后接動(dòng)詞原形。例如:
You had better stay at home.
⑥ 用祈使句的“否定形式Don't...”。例如:
Don't play in the street.
⑦ Would you like + 短語(yǔ)?“……怎么樣?”后接sth或
to do sth,例如:
Would you like another cup of tea?
⑧ Will you please + 動(dòng)詞原形?“請(qǐng)你……好嗎?”例如:
Will you please come tomorrow?
[牛刀小試4]
6. The men will have to wait all day ____ the doc-
tor works faster. (NMET 2002)
A. if B. unless
C. whether D. that
[交際速成]
[考點(diǎn)1]如何用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)祈使語(yǔ)氣
(NMET 1999)
-- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____?
-- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you
C. didn't you D. don't you
[答案與解析]B 這道題考查的是祈使句的反意疑問
句。Sit down, will you? You drive the car, will you?
這類語(yǔ)句俯拾即是。故只有B項(xiàng)正確。
[歸納]祈使句的主語(yǔ)是you(聽話人).通常不說出.用
以表示請(qǐng)求或命令等。祈使句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用動(dòng)詞
原形。在英語(yǔ)中用來表達(dá)祈使語(yǔ)氣常見的方式有:
①肯定結(jié)構(gòu),例如:
Be careful!小心!
②否定結(jié)構(gòu),形式為don't…,例如:
Don't be late!不要遲到!
一Mother,I'm going out for a play.媽媽。我要出去
玩。
一Don't be long!別玩太久。
③用let結(jié)構(gòu),例如:
5. In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep
order in an important football match. (2001 上海)
A. this B. that
C. there D. it
4. ____ be sent to work there? (2002 上海)
A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
3. Parents should take seriously their children's requests
for sunglasses ____ eye protection is necessary
in sunny weather. (2004 上海)
A. because B. through
C. unless D. if
2. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths
full. (NMET 1998)
A. it B. that
C. these D. them
1. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will
need a lot of work before they can move in. (NMET
2001 )
A. they B. it
C. one D. which
7. The most important thing to keep in mind when
dealing with an emergency is to stay calm.
處理緊急情況時(shí)要記住的最重要的事就是保持冷
靜。
句型中兩個(gè)不定式to keep,to stay分別作定語(yǔ)和表
語(yǔ)。
The first thing for her to do is to tidy up the meeting
room.
她第一件要做的事就是整理會(huì)議室。
What they need at preselat is to have the house painted.
他們目前的要求就是把房子油漆一下。
[句型歸納]
[考點(diǎn)1]1 wish that she were here with me and we
weren't sick. 我希望她還在,我們都沒有病。
本句中,要注意動(dòng)詞wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
其用法為:
①表示現(xiàn)存的祝愿和抱歉。從句的謂語(yǔ)用 be 和 were /
was (were更為常用),實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用過去式。例如:
I wish they were at home this time. 但愿他們這次在
家。
② 表示對(duì)過去事情的遺憾,從句的謂語(yǔ)用過去完成時(shí)
或could + 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如:
I wish I hadn't hurt him so much. 真后悔傷他這么
重。
③ 表示對(duì)將來事情的愿望.從句的謂語(yǔ)為would /
could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形。例如:
I wish I might be able to come tomorrow. 要是我明
天能來就好了。
[考例l](2002上海)How I wish every family
____ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had
C. will have D. had had
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。
[答案與解析]B wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句表示現(xiàn)在的祝愿
時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)用be和were (was),實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用過去
式。
[考點(diǎn)2]It is safe to be friends with people who are living
with HIV. 與感染了艾滋病毒的人交朋友是安全的。
Cells either divide too fast or at the wrong time, making
it difficult for the body to function properly. 細(xì)胞分裂要
么過快,要么在不恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間分裂。使身體機(jī)能難以正
常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
這兩句中。要注意it:第一句作形式主語(yǔ).作引導(dǎo)詞用.
句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is + adj / n (+ for / of sb) to do sth或
lt is + adj./ n + 從句;第二句作形式賓語(yǔ)用。例如:
It's hard to translate this sentence into English. 把這個(gè)
句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)很難。
It requires patience to teach children. 教小孩子需要耐
心。
We find it hard to deal with him. 我們覺得跟他打交道
很難。
[考例2]Is ____ necessary to complete the design
before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查 it 作形式主語(yǔ)的用法。
[答案與解析]C 本題中,it作形式主語(yǔ), 指代后面出
現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞不定式to complete the design before National
Day。而選項(xiàng)A中的this、選項(xiàng)B中的that都是指
示代詞。選項(xiàng)D中的he是人稱代詞,都不能充當(dāng)形式
主語(yǔ)。
[考點(diǎn)3]Many hospitals recommend that we use letters
DR ABC to remember what to do when we have to think
fast. 許多醫(yī)院建議我們,在危急時(shí)刻采用DR ABC來
記住我們要做的事情。
本句中,recommend后接賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即should + 動(dòng)詞原形,其中。should可
省略。這種用法的動(dòng)詞還有:suggest,insist,advise,
order,demand,request,propose等。例如:
The committee has recommended that the training pro-
gramme be improved. 委員會(huì)已經(jīng)建議過培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目得改
進(jìn)。
I suggest (that) they (should) not drive too fast. 我建
議他們不要開得太快了。
[考例3](1994上海) Jane's pale face suggested that
she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she
____ a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查 suggest 的用法。
[答案與解析]B suggest是個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞,中學(xué)里學(xué)過
兩種含義。一是“to put forward (as a plan, thought)”
(建議;提出),后面跟的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)一般由should
加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,或直接用動(dòng)詞原形;二是"to give an
impression of" (表明;使人認(rèn)為),后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用
虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。此題中,編者有意將suggest的兩種意
思放在一個(gè)句子里,考生只有在理解兩個(gè)suggest不同
含義的基礎(chǔ)上,才能正確選擇從句中動(dòng)詞的用法。原
句的意思是:珍妮蒼白的臉色說明她病了,她的父母讓
她去查查身體。第一個(gè)suggest的意思是“表明、說
明”,第二個(gè)suggest才有“建議、提出”的含義,所以第
二個(gè)suggest后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)。
如果不理解句子的意思,只從形式去判斷,很容易被選
項(xiàng)A所迷惑。
[考點(diǎn)4]We should never try to revive a person unless we
know how to do it. 除非懂得如何使人恢復(fù)知覺,否則
不要輕舉妄動(dòng)。
本句中,unless意為“if...not”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,表示
“如果不……就……,除非……”。例如:
You will fall behind unless you work harder. 你如果不
努力,就會(huì)掉隊(duì)。
You'll catch cold unless you put on more clothes. 你會(huì)
感冒的,除非你多穿點(diǎn)衣服。
[考例4](NMET 2004) ____ you call me to say
you're not coming, I'll see you at the theater.
A. Though B. Whether
C. Until D. Unless
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的用
法。
[答案與解析]D 選項(xiàng)A中的though表示“雖然”;選
項(xiàng)C中whether表示“是否”,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句;選項(xiàng)B
中的until表示“直到”;只有選項(xiàng)D中的unless表示條
件,符合句意“我將在劇院等你,除非你打電話說不來
了”。
[牛刀小試3]
6. She might have been hit by a car.
她也許被車撞了。
“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 完成時(shí)態(tài)”用來表示對(duì)某一事實(shí)的假設(shè)
或推測(cè),但不同的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示不同的程度,肯定
的程度如下:
must have done (肯定已經(jīng)做了)
may have done (可能已經(jīng)做了)
codd have done (可能已經(jīng)做了)
might have done (也許已經(jīng)做了)
[注意] (1) 這種用法通常不用must表示否定或疑
問,而用can表示。
He can't have finished the work.
他肯定沒有完成這項(xiàng)工作。
Can you have informed her of the time for the meeting?
你肯定通知她開會(huì)時(shí)間了嗎?
(2) shouId have done 表示后悔或責(zé)備,意為“本應(yīng)該
做了(但事實(shí)上沒做)”,可根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷。
You are late again. You ____ ten minutes earlier.
A. must have come B. should have come
C. could have come D. might have come
[解析]選B 該句表示一種責(zé)備,意為“你又遲到
了,你本該早十分鐘就到了”,其他選項(xiàng)均表示推測(cè)。
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