金屬單質(zhì)及其化合物
2、鎂及其化合物
3、鋁及其化合物
4、鐵、銅及其化合物
知識(shí)梳理
一、鈉及其化合物
1、鈉
(1)鈉的物理性質(zhì):鈉是銀白色金屬,密度。0.97g/cm3),熔點(diǎn)低(97℃),硬度小,質(zhì)軟,可用刀切割。鈉通常保存在煤油中。是電和熱的良導(dǎo)體。
(2)鈉的化學(xué)性質(zhì):從原子結(jié)構(gòu)可知鈉是活潑的金屬單質(zhì)。
①鈉與非金屬單質(zhì)反應(yīng):常溫:4Na
+ O2 ==
2Na2O,加熱:2Na
+ O2 Na2O2;
2Na + Cl2
2NaCl; 2Na + S Na2S等。
②鈉與水反應(yīng):2Na
+ 2H2O ==
2NaOH + H2↑;實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象:鈉浮在水面上,熔成小球,
在水面上游動(dòng),有哧哧的聲音,最后消失,在反應(yīng)后的溶液中滴加酚酞,溶液變紅。
注意:鈉在空氣中的變化:銀白色的鈉變暗(生成了氧化鈉)變白(生成氫氧化鈉)潮解變成白色固體(生成碳酸鈉)。
③鈉與酸反應(yīng):如2Na
+ 2HCl ==
2NaCl + H2↑,Na放入稀鹽酸中,是先與酸反應(yīng),酸不足再與水反應(yīng)。因此Na放入到酸溶液中Na是不可能過(guò)量的。同時(shí)Na與H2的物質(zhì)的量比始終是2:1。當(dāng)然反應(yīng)要比鈉與水的反應(yīng)劇烈多。
④鈉與鹽的溶液反應(yīng):鈉不能置換出溶液中的金屬,鈉是直接與水反應(yīng)。反應(yīng)后的堿再與溶液中的其他物質(zhì)反應(yīng)。如鈉投入到硫酸銅溶液的反應(yīng)式:2Na
+ CuSO4 + 2H2O ==
Cu(OH)2 ↓+ Na2SO4 + H2 ↑。
⑤鈉與氫氣的反應(yīng):2Na
+ H2 ==
2NaH。NaH + H2O
== NaOH + H2
↑;NaH是強(qiáng)的還原劑。
(3)工業(yè)制鈉:電解熔融的NaCl,2NaCl(熔融) 2Na + Cl2↑。
(4)鈉的用途:①在熔融的條件下鈉可以制取一些金屬,如鈦、鋯、鈮、鉭等;
②鈉鉀合金是快中子反應(yīng)堆的熱交換劑;
③鈉蒸氣可作高壓鈉燈,發(fā)出黃光,射程遠(yuǎn),透霧能力強(qiáng)。
2、氧化鈉和過(guò)氧化鈉
(1)Na2O:白色固體,是堿性氧化物,具有堿性氧化物的通性:Na2O
+ H2O ==
2NaOH,
Na2O + CO2 == Na2CO3,Na2O
+ 2HCl ==
2NaCl + H2O .另外:加熱時(shí),2Na2O + O2 == 2Na2O2.
(2)Na2O2:淡黃色固體是復(fù)雜氧化物,易與水、二氧化碳反應(yīng)放出氧氣。
2Na2O2 + 2H2O == 4NaOH + O2
↑,2Na2O2 + 2CO2 == 2Na2CO3
+ O2 ↑(作供氧劑)。
因此Na2O2常做生氧劑,同時(shí),Na2O2還具有強(qiáng)氧化性,有漂白作用。如實(shí)驗(yàn):Na2O2和水反應(yīng)后的溶液中滴加酚酞,變紅后又褪色,實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明是有:Na2O2
+ H2O ==
2NaOH + H2O2,2H2O2 == 2H2O
+ O2 反應(yīng)發(fā)生。因?yàn)镠2O2也具有漂白作用。當(dāng)然過(guò)氧化鈉也可以直接漂白的。
3、碳酸鈉和碳酸氫鈉
性質(zhì)
Na2CO3(Na2CO3?10H2O)
NaHCO3
性質(zhì)比較
俗稱(chēng)
純堿或蘇打
小蘇打
NaHCO3的顆粒比Na2CO3小
水溶性
易溶于水
易溶于水
S(Na2CO3)>S(NaHCO3)
溶液酸堿性
顯堿性
顯堿性
同濃度Na2CO3溶液的pH大于NaHCO3溶液的pH
熱穩(wěn)定性
穩(wěn)定
受熱分解生成Na2CO3、H2O、CO2
NaHCO3的熱穩(wěn)定性比Na2CO3差,用于除雜質(zhì)。
與酸反應(yīng)
能與強(qiáng)酸反應(yīng)
能與強(qiáng)酸反應(yīng)
等物質(zhì)的量時(shí)Na2CO3耗酸量大于NaHCO3
溶液中相互轉(zhuǎn)化
Na2CO3溶液能吸收CO2轉(zhuǎn)化為NaHCO3
Na2CO3
+ H2O + CO2 ==
2 NaHCO3
除CO2中的HCl雜質(zhì)是用飽和的NaHCO3溶液,而不用Na2CO3溶液
用途
用在玻璃、肥皂、合成洗滌劑、造紙、紡織、石油、冶金等工業(yè)中。
發(fā)酵粉的主要成分之一;制胃酸過(guò)多等。
注意幾個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的問(wèn)題:
1、向飽和的Na2CO3溶液中通足量的CO2有晶體NaHCO3析出。
2、Na2CO3溶液與稀HCl的反應(yīng)①向Na2CO3溶液中滴加稀HCl,先無(wú)氣體,后有氣體,如果n(HCl)小于n(Na2CO3)時(shí)反應(yīng)無(wú)氣體放出。發(fā)生的反應(yīng):先①Na2CO3
+ HCl ==
NaCl + NaHCO3,后②NaHCO3 + HCl == NaCl + H2O +CO2
.
②向稀HCl中滴加Na2CO3溶液,先有氣體,反應(yīng)是:Na2CO3
+ 2HCl ==
2NaCl + H2O + CO2.
如果用2mol的Na2CO3和2.4mol的稀HCl反應(yīng),采用①方法放出CO2是0.4mol;采用②方法放出CO2為1.2mol。希望同學(xué)們?cè)诮忸}時(shí)要留意。
3、Na2CO3溶液和NaHCO3溶液的鑒別:取兩種試液少量,分別滴加CaCl2或BaCl2溶液,有白色沉淀的原取溶液為Na2CO3,另一無(wú)明顯現(xiàn)象的原取溶液為NaHCO3。
4、侯氏制堿法
反應(yīng)式:NaCl
+ NH3 + CO2 + H2O == NaHCO3 ↓+ NH4Cl.
注意:在生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)先在飽和的NaCl溶液中先通入NH3,后通入CO2,NaHCO3晶體析出過(guò)濾,在濾液中加入NaCl細(xì)末和通NH3析出NH4Cl晶體為副產(chǎn)品。NH4Cl晶體析出后的母液進(jìn)行循環(huán)試用,提高原料的利用率。
二、鎂及其化合物
1、鎂的性質(zhì)
(1)物理性質(zhì):鎂是銀白色金屬,質(zhì)較軟,密度1.74g/cm3,是輕金屬,硬度小。
(2)化學(xué)性質(zhì):鎂是較活潑金屬
①與非金屬反應(yīng):2Mg
+ O2 ==
2MgO,Mg + Cl2 MgCl2,3Mg + N2 Mg3N2等。
②與沸水反應(yīng):Mg +
2H2O(沸水)== Mg(OH)2
+ H2 ↑.
③與酸反應(yīng):與非強(qiáng)氧化性酸反應(yīng):是酸中的H+與Mg反應(yīng),有H2放出。
與強(qiáng)氧化性酸反應(yīng):如濃H2SO4、HNO3,反應(yīng)比較復(fù)雜,但是沒(méi)有H2放出。
④與某些鹽溶液反應(yīng):如CuSO4溶液、FeCl2溶液、FeCl3溶液等。
Mg + 2FeCl3
== 2FeCl2
+ MgCl2, Mg + FeCl2
== Fe +
MgCl2.
2、鎂的提。汉K泻写罅康腗gCl2,因此,工業(yè)上主要是從分離了NaCl的海水中來(lái)提取MgCl2.
流程:海水中加入CaO或Ca(OH)2Mg(OH)2沉淀、過(guò)濾、洗滌沉淀,用稀HCl溶解MgCl2溶液,蒸發(fā)結(jié)晶MgCl2?6H2O晶體,在HCl氣體環(huán)境中加熱MgCl2固體,電解熔融的MgCl2Mg + Cl2 ↑。
主要反應(yīng):MgCl2
+ Ca(OH)2 ==
Mg(OH)2↓+ CaCl2, Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl == MgCl2
+ 2H2O,
MgCl2?6H2O MgCl2 + 6H2O , MgCl2(熔融) Mg + Cl2↑。
3、鎂的用途:鎂主要是廣泛用于制造合金。制造的合金硬度和強(qiáng)度都較大。因此鎂合金被大量用火箭、導(dǎo)彈、飛機(jī)等制造業(yè)中。
4、氧化鎂(MgO):白色固體,熔點(diǎn)高(2800℃),是優(yōu)質(zhì)的耐高溫材料(耐火材料)。是堿性氧化物。
MgO + H2O == Mg(OH)2, MgO + 2HCl == MgCl2 + H2O 。
注意以下幾種情況的離子方程式的書(shū)寫(xiě):
(1)n(Mg(HCO3)2):n(NaOH)=1:4:Mg2+
+ 2HCO3- + 4OH- == Mg(OH)2↓+
2CO32- + 2H2O;
(2)n(Mg(HCO3)2):n(NaOH)=1:2:Mg2+
+ 2HCO3- + 2OH- == MgCO3↓+ CO32-
+ 2H2O;
(3)n(Mg(HCO3)2):N(NaOH)=1:1: Mg2+ + HCO3- + OH-
== MgCO3↓+H2O 。
三、鋁及其化合物
1、鋁的性質(zhì):
(1)物理性質(zhì):銀白色金屬,質(zhì)較軟,但比鎂要硬,熔點(diǎn)比鎂高。有良好的導(dǎo)電、導(dǎo)熱性和延展性。
(2)化學(xué)性質(zhì):鋁是較活潑的金屬。
①通常與氧氣易反應(yīng),生成致密的氧化物起保護(hù)作用。4Al
+ 3O2 ==
2Al2O3。同時(shí)也容易與Cl2、S等非金屬單質(zhì)反應(yīng)。
②與酸反應(yīng):強(qiáng)氧化性酸,如濃硫酸和濃硝酸在常溫下,使鋁發(fā)生鈍化現(xiàn)象;加熱時(shí),能反應(yīng),但無(wú)氫氣放出;非強(qiáng)氧化性酸反應(yīng)時(shí)放出氫氣。
③與強(qiáng)堿溶液反應(yīng):2Al
+ 2NaOH + 2H2O ==
2NaAlO2 + 3H2↑。
④與某些鹽溶液反應(yīng):如能置換出CuSO4、AgNO3等溶液中的金屬。
⑤鋁熱反應(yīng):2Al
+ Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe。該反應(yīng)放熱大,能使置換出的鐵成液態(tài),適用性強(qiáng)。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中演示時(shí)要加入引燃劑,如濃硫酸和蔗糖或鎂條和氯酸鉀等。
2、氧化鋁(Al2O3):白色固體,熔點(diǎn)高(2054℃),沸點(diǎn)2980℃,常作為耐火材料;是兩性氧化物。我們常見(jiàn)到的寶石的主要成分是氧化鋁。有各種不同顏色的原因是在寶石中含有一些金屬氧化物的表現(xiàn)。如紅寶石因含有少量的鉻元素而顯紅色,藍(lán)寶石因含有少量的鐵和鈦元素而顯藍(lán)色。工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的礦石剛玉主要成分是α-氧化鋁,硬度僅次于金剛石,用途廣泛。
兩性氧化物:既能與強(qiáng)酸反應(yīng)又能與強(qiáng)堿反應(yīng)生成鹽和水的氧化物。
Al2O3
+ 6HCl == 2AlCl3 + 3H2O ,Al2O3
+ 2NaOH == 2NaAlO2 + H2O 。
Al2O3是工業(yè)冶煉鋁的原料,由于氧化鋁的熔點(diǎn)高,電解時(shí),難熔化,因此鋁的冶煉直到1886年美國(guó)科學(xué)家霍爾發(fā)現(xiàn)在氧化鋁中加入冰晶石(Na3AlF6),使氧化鋁的熔點(diǎn)降至1000度左右,鋁的冶煉才快速發(fā)展起來(lái),鋁及其合金才被廣泛的應(yīng)用。2Al2O3
4Al + 3O2↑。
3、氫氧化鋁(Al(OH)3):白色難溶于水的膠狀沉淀,是兩性氫氧化物。熱易分解。
兩性氫氧化物:既能與強(qiáng)酸又能與強(qiáng)堿反應(yīng)生成鹽和水的氫氧化物。
Al(OH)3 +
3HCl == AlCl3 + 3H2O, Al(OH)3 + NaOH == NaAlO2 + 2H2O.2Al(OH)3 Al2O3
+3 H2O
4、鋁的冶煉:鋁是地殼中含量最多的金屬元素,自然界中主要是以氧化鋁的形式存在。工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的流程:鋁土礦(主要成分是氧化鋁)用氫氧化鈉溶解過(guò)濾向?yàn)V液中通入二氧化碳酸化,過(guò)濾氫氧化鋁氧化鋁 鋁。
主要反應(yīng):Al2O3
+ 2NaOH ==
2NaAlO2 + H2O ,CO2 + 3H2O + 2NaAlO2
== 2Al(OH)3↓+ Na2CO3
,2Al(OH)3
Al2O3 +3 H2O
,2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2↑。
5、鋁的用途:鋁有良好的導(dǎo)電、導(dǎo)熱性和延展性,主要用于導(dǎo)線、炊具等,鋁的最大用途是制合金,鋁合金強(qiáng)度高,密度小,易成型,有較好的耐腐蝕性。迅速風(fēng)靡建筑業(yè)。也是飛機(jī)制造業(yè)的主要原料。
6、明礬的凈水:化學(xué)式:KAl(SO4)2?12H2O,它在水中能電離:KAl(SO4)2
== K+
+ Al3+ + 2SO42-。鋁離子與水反應(yīng),生成氫氧化鋁膠體,具有很強(qiáng)的吸附能力,吸附水中的懸浮物,使之沉降已達(dá)凈水目的。Al3+
+ 3H2O ==
Al(OH)3 (膠體)+
3H+ 。
知識(shí)整理:
①(Al(OH)3)的制備:在氯化鋁溶液中加足量氨水。AlCl3 + 3NH3?H2O == Al(OH)3↓+ 3NH4Cl 。
②實(shí)驗(yàn):A、向氯化鋁溶液中滴加氫氧化鈉溶液,現(xiàn)象是先有沉淀,后溶解。
反應(yīng)式:先Al3+ + 3OH- == Al(OH)3↓, 后Al3+
+ 4OH- ==
AlO2- + 2H2O。
B、向氫氧化鈉溶液中滴加氯化鋁溶液,現(xiàn)象是開(kāi)始無(wú)沉淀,后來(lái)有沉淀,且不溶解。
反應(yīng)式:先Al3+ + 4OH- == AlO2-
+ 2H2O,后Al3+
+ 3AlO2- + 6H2O == 4Al(OH)3↓。
③實(shí)驗(yàn):向偏鋁酸鈉溶液中通二氧化碳,有沉淀出現(xiàn)。CO2 + 3H2O + 2NaAlO2 == 2Al(OH)3↓+ Na2CO3。
④將氯化鋁溶液和偏鋁酸鈉溶液混和有沉淀出現(xiàn)。 Al3+ + 3AlO2- + 6H2O
== 4Al(OH)3↓。
⑤實(shí)驗(yàn):A、向偏鋁酸鈉溶液中滴加稀鹽酸,先有沉定,后溶解。
反應(yīng)的離子方程式:AlO2- + H+ + H2O == Al(OH)3
,Al(OH)3 + 3H+ ==
Al3+ + 2H2O 。
B、向稀鹽酸中滴加偏鋁酸鈉溶液,先無(wú)沉淀,后有沉淀且不溶解。
反應(yīng)的離子方程式:AlO2- + 4H+ == Al3+ + 2H2O
,3AlO2- + Al3+ + 6H2O == 4Al(OH)3↓。
⑥鋁三角:
上圖中的每根箭頭都有一個(gè)反應(yīng),請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)囍鴮?xiě)好。
試題詳情
江蘇省丹陽(yáng)高級(jí)中學(xué)2008-2009學(xué)年度高二期中考試
英語(yǔ)試卷
第一卷(客觀題,共95分)
第一部分:聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分20分)
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分,滿(mǎn)分5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
1. Where
are the two speakers talking now?
A. In a car B. On
a bike C.
In a train
2. What
did the doctor advise the woman to do?
A. Take more sugar B. Lose
weightC. Take medicine
3. How
much does the man need to pay for two bottles of orange juice?
A. 3 dollars B.
4 dollars C.
6 dollars
4. What’s
the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Friends B.
Mother and son C.
Husband and wife
5. What
does the man mean?
A. The new classmate has been here
for 3 days.
B. He hasn’t seen the new
classmate for 3 days.
C. There are three new classmates
all together.
第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿(mǎn)分15分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)下面一段材料,回答第6至8題。
6. When
does the conversation probably take place?
A. In the morning B.
In the afternoon C.
At noon
7. How
many people will come with the woman for lunch?
A. 3 B.
4 C.
5
8. What
can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman will meet a visitor
in the restaurant.
B. The restaurant serves lunch
until 2:00 p.m.
C. The woman doesn’t know the
restaurant well.
聽(tīng)下面一段材料,回答第9至11題。
9. Why
hasn’t David seen Jessie lately?
A. Because he has been absent from
school.
B. Because he has been busy with
the study.
C. Because he has been on a summer
vacation.
10. Who
will go camping according to the dialogue?
A. David and Jessie B.
Jessie and her brother C.
David and his brother
11. What
does Jessie think of camping?
A. It’s cheap and wonderful B.
It’s wonderful but unsafe C.
It is worthwhile but tiring
聽(tīng)下面一段材料,回答第12至14題。
12. How
many books are there in the library?
A. Over 1 million B.
About 2 million C.
Over 3 million
13. What
is the building to the south of the library?
A. New office building for senior high
school.
B. New classroom building for senior high
school.
C. New dormitory building for junior high
school.
14. Where
is the swimming pool located?
A. To the east of the library.
B. In the middle of the school.
C. To the north of the library.
聽(tīng)下面一段材料,回答第15至17題。
15.
What's the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Strangers B.
Classmates C.
Colleagues
16. How
often do the buses run?
A. About every fifteen minutes. B. About every ten minutes. C.
About every five minutes.
17. What
do we know about the woman?
A. She is new to New York. B.
She is on her way to 63rd
Street. C. She comes from South Africa.
聽(tīng)下面一段材料,回答第18至20題。
18. Why
will the speaker put in new light fixtures?
A. Because the old lights don’t light up very
well.
B. Because the old lights are all out of
fashion.
C. Because there are not enough lights in the
house.
19. What
will the new addition include?
A. A family room and a dining area.
B. A living room and a dining area.
C. A deck and a living room.
20. What
can we learn from the talk?
A. A backdoor will be added to the house.
B. The speaker intends to replace the roof.
C. The speaker plans to replace a part of the
carpets.
第二部分:英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分35分)
第一節(jié): 單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿(mǎn)分15分) 從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
21.
---Can the young girl take charge of the computer company?
---I’m afraid it’s _________ her
ability.
A. to B.
of C.
beyond D.
within
22. Intelligence doesn’t mean success. You need to work hard as
well.
A.honestly B.comparatively C.simply D.necessarily
23. When valuable, those books enjoyed great
success.
A.having found
B.found C.being found
D.to be found
24. After
his _________ of the new mobile phone, the college graduate felt wild with joy.
A. acquisition B.
invitation C.
concentration D.
distinction
25. I’d
rather read than watch television, because the programs seem _________ all the
time.
A. get
worse B.
to have got worse
C. that it is getting worse D.
to be getting worse
26. ________ feels good to have a
hot bath after a day’s hard work.
A.
That
B.
It
C.
This D.
What
27. Scientists say it will be five
or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B.
that C.
before D.
when
28. Does
it never ________ to you that I may beat him in the game?
A. happen B.
handle C.
think D.
occur
29. It
was already past midnight
and only three students ________ in the classroom.
A. left B.
remained C.
delayed D.
predicted
30.
________ to the left at the crossroads, and you will see the railway station on
your right.
A. Turn B.
Turning C.
If you turn D.
To turn
31. It
would _________ if John helped with the housework that we are to finish this
afternoon.
A. make a difference B.
make sure
C. take into consideration D.
keep in mind
32. I’m
sending an e-mail to my friend ________ he will give me a hand in the project.
A. in the
hope of B.
in order to C.
in the hope that D.
in order of
33. Time
_________, we will go shopping in the supermarket.
A. permitted B.
permits C.
permitting D.
having been permitted
34. Are
there any difficulties that have _________ from the change of the plan?
A. raised B.
rose C.
found D.
arisen
35. The
audience _________ the exits when the alarm was sounded.
A. made up B.
made for C.
took up D.
took for
第二節(jié):完形填空(共20小題;每小題1分,滿(mǎn)分20分) 閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從36~55各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
Ella Fant was a middle-aged lady who lived with her only son John in a
small house. She __36__ John very much. In her eyes he couldn’t do
anything __37__. Every morning she would give him breadkfst__38__bed
and bring him the papers to read. It isn't really true that he was too__39__to
work-in fact he had tried a few__40__. First of all he was a
window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to__41__at least six
windows. Then he__42__a bus conductor and on his second__43__a
passenger stole his bag with all the fares(車(chē)費(fèi))collected. He even lost his
job as a postman__44__he sent off all the letters when he should have
taken them to people's houses. It seemed that there was__45__suitable
work for him. So he__46__to join the army. Mrs. Fant was so__47__about
this that she told the news to all her neighbours. “My John is good to be a
soldier,” she said. “He is going to be the best soldier there__48__was,
I can tell you!”
Then the great day came__49__he was to march past the palace in
the parade(接受檢閱的隊(duì)伍).His__50__mother travelled to the city early in
the morning to be sure of getting a good__51__in the crowd.
The parade was full of sound and colour. But when John and his __52__ came
in sight some of the people watching __53__ laughing at the one who
couldn't keep pace with the other as they marched along.
But Ella Fant, who was filled with __54__, shouted at the top of
her voice: “Look at them! They’re all out of __55__ except my John!
Isn’t he the best!”
36. A.
depended on B.
waited on C.
trusted D.
loved
37. A.
wrong B.
great C.
good D.
strange
38. A. to
B.
at C.
in D.
by
39. A.
lazy B.
young C.
weak D.
shy
40. A.
ones B.
years C.
tasks D.
jobs
41. A.
rub B.
drop C.
break D.
clean
42.A.
followed B.
met C.
became D.
found
43.A. day
B.
try C.
route D.
chance
44.A.
even if B.
so that C.
because D.
though
45.A.
some B.
such C.
less D.
no
46.A.
began B.
promised C.
managed D.
decided
47.A.
excited B.
worried C.
anxious D.
curious
48.A. yet
B.
ever C.
never D.
just
49.A.
where B.
since C.
when D.
till
50.A.
proud B.
kind C.
strict D.
lucky
51.A.
time B.
position C.
experience D.
impression
52.A.
neighbours B.
army officer C.
mother D.
fellow soldiers
53.A.
couldn't help B.
shouldn't burst out C.
stopped D.
kept
54.A.
sadness B.
happiness C.
surprise D.
regret
55.A.
sight B.
order C.
mind D.
step
第三部分:(I)閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
【A】
It’s great fun to
explore new places ? it feels like an adventure, even when you know you’re not
the first to have been there. But make sure not to get lost or waste time going
round in circles.
●Do the map reading if you’re being driven somewhere. It’ll be easier if
you keep turning the map so it follows the direction you’re traveling in. keep
looking ahead so that you can give the driver lots of warning before having to
make a turn, or you’ll have to move to the back seat.
●Get a group of friends together and go exploring. You’ll need a good map,
a compass (指南針) a raincoat, a cell phone to call for help in case you get
lost, and a bit of spare cash for emergencies (應(yīng)急現(xiàn)金). Tell someone where you’re
going before you set out and let them know what time you expect to be back. The
test is in not getting lost, not in seeing how fast you can go, so always stick
together, waiting for slower friends to catch up.
●See if your school or a club organizes orienteering activities, in which
you need a map and a compass to find your way. This can be done as a sport,
with teams trying to find the way from A to B (and B to C etc) in the fastest
time, or simply as spare?time activity. Either way, it’s not only good fun, but
a great way to keep fit.
56.Sitting beside the driver, you should .
A.direct the driver when necessary
B.look ahead to see where there’s a turn
C.move to the back seat if feeling uncomfortable
D.keep looking at the map to find a place to go to
57.Why do you need to tell someone your exploration plan before setting out?
A.To get information when in danger.
B.To be saved in case of an accident.
C.To share the fun with him/her in exploration.
D.To tell him/her what’s going on with the group members.
58.Orienteering activities can .
A.make people work fast
B.help people stay healthy
C.help people organize other
activities
D.make people get prepared for sports
【B】
Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a
referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much
about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not
finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their
personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move
in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of
sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in
itself.
Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel
puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it
is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good
player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find
himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He
becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in
particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead,
to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.
It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation
under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone
plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure
that every child has a chance to win.
59.What is true about children
when they play games?
A.They can stop playing any time they like.
B.They can test their personal abilities.
C.They want to pick a better team.
D.They don’t need rules.
60.To become a leader in a game
the child has to .
A.play well
B.wait for his turn
C.be confident in
himself
D.be popular among his playmates
61.Why does a child like
playing games?
A.Because he can be someone other than himself.
B.Because he can become popular among friends.
C.Because he finds he is always lucky in games.
D.Because he likes the place where he plays a game.
62.The writer
believes that
.
A.children should make better rules for their games.
B.children should invite grown-ups to play with them.
C.children’s games can do them a lot of good
D.children play games without reasons
【C】
Most rain forests lie to the equator(赤道), where the climate is often mild and there
are long hours of sunshine.The warmth of the land heats the air above,
causing it to rise and tiny drops of water to fall as rain.The rainfall can reach at
least 98 inches a year.This wet, warm world with plenty of sunlight is perfect for plants to
grow, so the trees grow fast with green leaves all the year round.The trees themselves also
have an effect on the climate.They gather water from the soil and pass it out
into the air through their leaves.The wet air then forms clouds, which hang over
the treetops like smoke.These clouds protect the forest from the
daytime heat and night-time cold of nearby deserts, keeping temperatures fit
for plant growth.
Rain forests slightly farther away
from the equator remain just as warm, but they have a dry season of three
months or more when little rain falls.Tree leaves fall during this dry season and new
leaves grow when the wet season or monsoon(雨季) begins.Thus these areas are known as the "monsoon forest".
Another type of rain forest grows on tropical
mountains.It is often called the "cloud forest" because clouds often hang
over the trees like fog.
The rain forest is the ideal place for the growth of
many different trees.Most of them depend on animals to eat their fruits and spread their seeds.When the fruits are eaten,
the seeds inside them go undamaged through animals' stomachs and are passed out
in their droppings.The seeds lying on the forest floor then grow into new trees.
63.The climate of the rain forests near the
equator is ________.
A.mild, wet and windy
B.hot, rainy and foggy
C.hot, wet and cloudy
D.warm, wet and sunny
64.We can learn from the passage that ________.
A.tree leaves are green all
the time in the monsoon forest
B.there is a dry season in the
cloud forest on tropical mountains
C.clouds help the plants in
the rain forests near the deserts to grow
D.the formation of climate in
the rain forest has little to do with the trees
65.According to the passage, ________ play the
most important role in the spreading of seeds.
A.a(chǎn)nimals
B.droppings
C.fruits
D.winds
66.This passage is most likely to be found in
_________.
A.a(chǎn) travel guide
B.a(chǎn) story book
C.a(chǎn) technical report
D.a(chǎn) geographical book
【D】
Indian’s snake charmers are to be retrained as wildlife
teachers under a plan to prevent their unique skills and knowledge from being
lost. The charmers, who make snakes dance to the sound of flutes(笛子), used to be a traditional
feature of Indian life, performing in towns and villages, until they were
banned in 1972 to control the trade in snake skins.
The government is now
considering a plan to train the saperas, as they are known, to visit schools
and zoos to tell children about forests and wildlife. There is also a proposal
to set up a “dial a snake charmer” service to help householders to deal with
unwelcome intruders (不速之客).
“For generations they have
been a feature of Indian life but now they can't earn a living for fear of
arrest,” said Behar Dutt, a conservationist behind the plans, “if a policeman
doesn’t catch them, animal rights activists report them.”
Many snake charmers have
continued to work clandestinely since the ban, despite the threat of up
to three years in prison. But their trademark cloth-covered baskets, hung from
a bamboo pole carried across their shoulders, make them an easy target for
police.
The fate of Shisha Nath, 56,
from Badarpur, a village just outside of Delhi, is typical of practitioners(從業(yè)者) of the dying art.
“I used to earn enough to support my family and send my children to
school, "he said. "Now
it's hard to earn even f, 1 a day. My children want to be snake charmers. It’s
our identity. We love the work. But it s become impossible.
Next month Dutt’s project to
train 30 snake charmers will begin at a snake park in Pune, western India,
where experts will enrich their home-grown skills with some formal knowledge.
More than the law, though,
it is the dishonest attitude of their fellow countryman that angers many snake
charmers.
"'We're disturbed all
the time but when people want a snake removed from the house, they rush to
us," said Prakash Nath, who was ordered recently to the home of Sonia
Gandhi, the Congress party leader.
67. According to the
passage, snake charmers will be retrained as wildlife teachers mainly
because______.
A. schools need large numbers of such teachers
B. most of them cannot support their families
C. their performances on the street are banned
D. the government plans to save the dying art
68. The purpose of the
proposed "dial a snake charmer" telephone service is ______.
A. to give performance of snake dancing
B. to teach householders how to catch and kill snakes
C. to offer cleaning service to wealthy householders
D. to help remove unwanted snakes from the houses
69. The word
"clandestinely" in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by the word
"_______"
A. secretly
B. publicly
C. attentively
D. diligently
70. Which of the
following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Snake charmers can easily be recognized by the police on the street.
B. Children of snake charmers would not like to continue their fathers'
job.
C. Snake charmers are quite angry with the attitude of their fellow
countrymen.
D. The animal rights activists take a negative attitude towards snake
charmers.
(II)任務(wù)型閱讀: (共10小題;滿(mǎn)分10分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。每個(gè)空格一個(gè)單詞。
What do you usually use your cell-phone for? Calling
friends or sending them text messages?
As technology develops, nowadays cell-phones can do much
more than that. They have become an all-in-one device.
A typical example is Apple’s Phone. The touch-screen
cell-phone plays music, connects to the Web, sends e-mail and takes photos.
More than 1 million Apple’s Phones have been sold since it was launched in
June.
“Today’s young people enjoy using all kinds of digital
functions, such as those of a music player, a camera and even a computer,
constantly. An all-in-one device is easy to carry. That is the goal of
developing a technology to make our lives more convenient, simple and relaxed,”
said Professor Ding Shouqian at Nankai
University.
However, the all-in-one cell-phones come with some
problems. Users have complained that they are too complicated to use, and that
their battery life is too short. Cell-phone producers say that they are working
hard to make their phones even better.
It’s very convenient to use it. “We are trying to make the
cell-phones in a way that people can quickly move from phoning to taking
pictures and listening to music,” said Alastair Curtis, Nokia’s chief designer.
“If you look at the Nokia 3250 model, it has a twisting bottom. So you twist it
half a turn, and it’s in camera mode. You twist it another 90 degrees, and the
alpha-numeric(字母和數(shù)字的) keys have disappeared and the music keys are there.” Japanese
companies such as Toshiba and Fujitsu are also working to develop a new battery
for mobile phone.
If all the problems are solved in the future, all-in-one
phones will change our lives for the better.
(71)___▲__
It can play music.
It is (72) ___▲____to the Web.
It can (73) ___▲____ e-mails.
It can also be used as a (74)____▲___.
(75)___▲___
It’s easy to carry.
It can make our lives more (76) ___▲___,simple and relaxing.
Problems
The cell-phones are not (77) ___▲___ to use.
Their battery doesn’t (78) ___▲___long.
Ways to solve the
problems
Make it easy and (79) ___▲___to move from one mode to another.
The companies make better batteries that last(80)___▲___.
(請(qǐng)將本題答案寫(xiě)在下一頁(yè)的指定位置。
班級(jí)___________姓名____________________學(xué)號(hào)___________
任務(wù)型閱讀答案:
71.
_________________ 72. _________________ 73. ________________ 74. ________________
75.__________________
76. _________________ 77. __________________ 78. ________________
79.
__________________ 80. _________________
第二卷(共25分)
第四部分:寫(xiě)作(共三節(jié),滿(mǎn)分25分)
第一節(jié):?jiǎn)卧~拼寫(xiě)。正確理解句意并根據(jù)首字母或中文提示,拼寫(xiě)出單詞的正確形式,每個(gè)空格一個(gè)單詞。(每空格1分,滿(mǎn)分10分)。
1. With people’s
living standard being raised, more and more p___________________ cars are
springing up in China.
2. He once a month
goes to America
to do trade with some companies there, for which reason he is called a
f __________________ visitor to
the USA.
3. The
KFC tasted so nice and delicious to mouth that it soon gained p__________________
across China.
4. They
have had to p____________________ going to France to see their friend because
their child is ill.
5. It seemed that the
car had deliberately v___________________ the traffic regulations, which drew
the attention of the police.
6. The number of
thefts of ___________________ (車(chē)輛,運(yùn)輸工具) has risen by a third in the last three years.
7. He has invested a
lot of money in the stock market, and therefore he shows great concern about
current ___________________ (事務(wù),事情).
8. The
tablets will work more ______________________ (有效地)
if you take a hot drink after them.
9. Another team
consisting of 11 members was sent to the earthquake stricken areas, including
an ______________________(建筑師).
10. The strong smell
of cigarette smoke _____________________ (確認(rèn))
what he had said: there had been a meeting minutes before.
第二節(jié) 書(shū)面表達(dá)(1題,滿(mǎn)分 15 分)
假如你叫Jack,你在自己的學(xué)校就“是否應(yīng)該支持農(nóng)民工進(jìn)入城市”的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查。下面是對(duì)部分學(xué)生調(diào)查的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果,請(qǐng)你參照該統(tǒng)計(jì)表給學(xué)校報(bào)刊寫(xiě)一篇英文調(diào)查報(bào)告,并簡(jiǎn)述你的觀點(diǎn)。
有利之處
1.外地民工積極參與城市各行各業(yè)的工作,為城市的發(fā)展做出了貢獻(xiàn)。
2.他們從事的大部分是又累又臟甚至是危險(xiǎn)的工作,如清潔工、保姆、建筑工等等。
不利之處
1. 城市更加擁擠。
2. 亂扔垃圾,影響城市衛(wèi)生。
3. 帶來(lái)了安全問(wèn)題。
你的觀點(diǎn)
?
注意:1. 不要逐條翻譯,但可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。
2. 文章的格式已給出。
3. 單詞數(shù):150左右。
4. 參考詞匯:1.農(nóng)民工
migrant workers 2.當(dāng)保姆 babysitting
Dear editor,
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Yours truly,
Jack
I. 聽(tīng)力: 1―5 ABCAB 6--10 ABCBC 11―15 AABCA 16―20 CAAAB
II. 單項(xiàng)選擇: 21―25
CDBAD 26―30 BCDBA 31―35 ACCDB
III. 完形填空: 36―40 DACAD 41―45 CCACD 46―50 DABCA 51―55 BDABD
IV. 閱讀: 【A】56―58 ABB 【B】59―62 ABAC 【C】63―66 DC AD 【D】67―70 DDAB
V. 任務(wù)型閱讀: 71. Functions 72. connected 73. deliver / send 74. camera 75. Advantages
76. convenient 77. easy 78.
last 79. quick 80. longer
VI. 單詞拼寫(xiě): 1. affairs 2. frequent 3. popularity 4. postpone 5. private
6. vehicles 7.
violated 8.
efficiently 9. architect 10. confirmed
VII. 書(shū)面表達(dá):
Dear editor,
Recently we’ve conducted a survey
on whether to support migrant workers in their moving to cities. Here is a
brief report about it.
On one hand, migrant workers do
play a very important role in the development of cities. They are actively
involved in various kinds of jobs. In particular, they just do jobs such as
cleaning, babysitting, and building, which are usually tiring, dirty even
dangerous to their health and life. But these jobs are necessary and basic.
On the other hand, with more and
more migrant workers coming in, the city is becoming more and more crowded.
Also, the transport is much busier than before. To make matters worse, some of
them don’t pay much attention to the cleanness and like littering everywhere,
making the streets very dirty. The worst of all is that some even turn thieves
if they cannot find any suitable jobs.
As far as I’m concerned, migrant
workers have made great contributions to the development of big cities. Without
them, we won’t have so many high-rise buildings. But if they can be well
educated, it will be better for all of us.
Yours truly,
Jack
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