4. influence n. [C][U] 影響(力),感化(力) [U] 勢(shì)
力,權(quán)力 vt. 對(duì)……有影響;感化
A teacher has great influence over his pupil.
教師對(duì)學(xué)生有很大的影響力。
Heredity and environment are influences on character.
遺傳和環(huán)境是影響性格的因素。
3. form vt. & vi. 組成;形成 n. [C][U]形式;表
格;種類
[詞組] in the form of 以……的形式
fiIl in / out forms 填寫(xiě)表格
take the form of 采取……的形式
in good form 競(jìng)技狀態(tài)良好
form the habit of 形成……的習(xí)慣
Form good habits while you are young.
趁年輕時(shí),養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣。
6. employ vt. 雇用,使用
The farmer employed more workers at harvest time.
這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)主在收獲季節(jié)雇用更多工人。
It's important to employ words in writing poem.
寫(xiě)詩(shī)用詞很重要。
也可以解釋為“忙于,從事”。
They were employed in writing when I came.
我來(lái)的時(shí)候他們正忙于寫(xiě)東西。
注:要弄清 employ 幾個(gè)名詞的用法:employee (雇工,
雇員),employer (戶主,東家),employment (就業(yè),雇
用)。
[考點(diǎn)4]energy 的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞:
① energetic adj. 精力充沛的,需要精力去做的
② energetically adv. 精力充沛地
▲ 搭配:
① save one's energy for 為……而保存精力
② be full of energies 精力充沛,精力旺盛
③ devote one's energy to (doing) sth 致力于
④ concentrate one's energy on 集中精力在……上
▲友情提示:泛指一般意義的“精力”,不可數(shù);具體指
某人做事的“精力”,用復(fù)數(shù)。
[考例4][NMET 1996]Many countries are increasing
their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ____.
A. energy B. source
C. power D. material
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查 energy 及其近義詞的區(qū)別。
[答案與解析]A natural gas和wind屬于energy范
疇。
[考點(diǎn)7]fact 的用法
▲句型:英語(yǔ)中的“事實(shí)上。實(shí)際上,其實(shí)”可表達(dá)為:
① as a matter of fact
② in (actual) fact
③ in point of fact
④ The fact (of the matter) is (that)...
⑤ It's a fact that...
在提供某種信息來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的某物/某事時(shí),或在
不同意某人說(shuō)過(guò)的某物/某事時(shí),使用以上表達(dá)。
[考例7](2004浙江) The winter of 1990 was extremely
bad, ____ most people say it was the worst winter
of their lives.
A. At last B. In fact
C. In a word D. As a result
[考查目標(biāo)] 考查短語(yǔ)在實(shí)際語(yǔ)境中的用法。
[答案與解析]B at last 表示“最后”;in fact 表示“事
實(shí)上”;in a word 表示“總而言之”;as a result表示“結(jié)
果是”。結(jié)合上下文意思應(yīng)該是“1990年冬天特別糟
糕。事實(shí)情況是,大多數(shù)人都說(shuō)是他們一生中最糟糕
的一個(gè)冬天”。
[考點(diǎn)2]form 的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞:
① formation n. 形成;組成
② formal adj. 形式上的;正式的
③ informal adj. 非正式的
▲ 搭配:
① form in line 站好隊(duì);排成縱隊(duì)
② in the form of 以……形式
③ fill in / out the form 填表格
④ be in / out of form 處于良好(不好)的競(jìng)技狀態(tài)
⑤ in form 形式上
[考例2](2004全國(guó)卷III) Reading is an experience
quite different from watching TV; There are pictures
____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form B. form
C. forming D. having formed
[考查目標(biāo)] 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的實(shí)際運(yùn)用。
[答案與解析]C There be 句型后面經(jīng)常接動(dòng)詞-ing
形式表示該名詞 pictures 與 in your mind 的關(guān)系是主
動(dòng)的.而該動(dòng)作表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行。
8. cheat vt. vi. 欺騙,作弊 n. 騙子
常用結(jié)構(gòu):cheat sth. (out) of sb. 騙某人東西
The beggar cheated money of the old lady at the
railway station.
乞丐在車(chē)站騙了那位老太太的錢(qián)。
It's wrong to cheat in exams.
考試作弊是不對(duì)的。
注:作名詞時(shí)通常用 cheat,也可以用 cheater。
He is nothing but a cheat.
他只不過(guò)是個(gè)騙子。
[考點(diǎn)3]employ 的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞:
① employer n. 雇主;老板
② employee n. 雇員;雇丁
③ employment n. 雇用;就業(yè);工作;職業(yè)
④ unemployment n. 失業(yè);失業(yè)狀態(tài)
▲ 搭配:be employed in 從事,忙于
▲ 句型:
① employ sb (主動(dòng)) → sb be employed (被動(dòng))
② employ sb as + 職業(yè)/in 或 at + 地點(diǎn)(主動(dòng))
→ sb be employed as + 職業(yè) / in 或 at + 地點(diǎn) (被動(dòng),
更常見(jiàn)) 在某單位任某職;受雇于某單位當(dāng)/任……
③ employ sb to do sth (主動(dòng)) → sb be employed to do
sth (被動(dòng))
④ be employed in doing sth / on sth... 忙于干某事.從
事于某事,時(shí)間花在……
⑤ employ oneself in doing sth / on sth 忙于干某事,從
事于……,時(shí)間花在……
⑥ employ one's spare / free / much time in doing sth.
花業(yè)余/更多時(shí)間千某事
▲辨析:employ; engage; hire; let; rent; take on
該組詞均意為“雇用”,但employ較正式,官方文件一
般用employ。受雇人員較廣,甚至包括社會(huì)地位較高
的職業(yè)人員,有“聘請(qǐng)”之義,強(qiáng)調(diào)工作,不像hire那樣
側(cè)重于報(bào)酬。engage作“雇用某人”解,常指臨時(shí)或短
期的雇用,側(cè)重于雇用專業(yè)人員,側(cè)重于動(dòng)作。hire和
rent都有“花錢(qián)使用某物”和“把某物使用權(quán)出讓給別人
以收取費(fèi)用”之意,rent在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中多指用于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間
的場(chǎng)合。如:rent a house,a flat,a TV等;hire多指臨
時(shí)租用某物。如:hire a boat,a car,a camera,a bicy-
cle,an evening dress,a hall for a meeting等,指人時(shí),
有“雇用”、“受雇”兩種含義。而在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,rent既
可用于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的出租,也可用于短時(shí)間的出租,多指客
戶向主人租用房子、土地或其他物品,也可指出租。
hire在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中可用來(lái)指“雇用(give a job to)”。Iet
作“租用”時(shí),一般指出租人向外出租房子、房間等。另
外rent還可作名詞,意為“租金;租費(fèi)”。take on較口語(yǔ)
化,表示“雇用某人”。例如:
The firm employs the retired professor as an adviser. 這
家公司聘這位退休的教授擔(dān)任顧問(wèn)。
The foreign teachers were engaged from Canada. 這些
外籍教師是從加拿大招聘來(lái)的。
Our school hired the local theatre for its annual con-
cert. 我們學(xué)校租用了當(dāng)?shù)氐挠皠≡号e行了一年一度的
音樂(lè)會(huì)。
Have you any rooms to let? 你有房間出租嗎?
She lets the cottage to holiday-makers in the summer.
她把房子租給夏天來(lái)度假的人。
Our house has been rented by a newly-married couple.
我們的房子被一對(duì)新婚夫婦租去了。
Boats are let / rent out in the park for 20 yuan per
hour. 公園里出租小船,每小時(shí)的租金是20元。
We have decided to take on a new clerk in the accounts
department. 我們已經(jīng)決定在會(huì)計(jì)部雇用一名新職員。
▲ 友情提示:英語(yǔ)中“雇用”的其他表達(dá)法:take on;
hire;have sb doing sth;rent (租用);use (借用);“解
雇;開(kāi)除”的表達(dá)法:fire;dismiss;turn / send away;
lay off。
[考例3](2003北京春招)
-- How long ____ at this job?
-- Since 1990.
A. were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed
D. will you be employed
[考查目標(biāo)] 考查上下文中時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用。
[答案與解析]B 從問(wèn)句中的how long和回答中的
Since 1990都可以知道應(yīng)該選現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)
在的影響。
2. [C] 協(xié)定,協(xié)議
disagreement n. 意見(jiàn)不同
▲搭配:
① agree on sth (雙方)商定某事;決定某事;在某方面達(dá)
成共識(shí)
② agree to sth (plan, suggestion, idea, arrangement)
同意…
③ sign / break an / the / one's agreement 簽署/撕毀協(xié)
議
④ reach / arrive at / come to an agreement (with sb)
(與某人)達(dá)成協(xié)議
▲ 句型:
① (quite) agree with sb (on / about sth) agree with
(one's opinion / view / what clause) (在某方面)贊
成某人的意見(jiàn);同意某人(的觀點(diǎn)或看法);與某人的
意見(jiàn)相同 (on后接討論的具體內(nèi)容;about后接討論
的主題)
② sth agree with sb 適合(某人);適應(yīng)(某人)
③ sth agree with sth... 與……一致/相符
④ agree to do sth 同意做某事
⑤ agree that clause 認(rèn)為;認(rèn)同
⑥ agree to one's doing sth = agree to let sb do sth 同意
某人做某事
⑦ sth be agreed 大家都同意
⑧ It's generally agreed that... 人們普遍認(rèn)為……
⑨ (be)in agreement with sb (about sth) / what sb said
(在某方面)與某人意見(jiàn)一致
⑩ (be) in agreement with sb. (on this / that point) (在
這/那一點(diǎn)上)同意某人
▲ 友情提示:英語(yǔ)中絕不能使用agree sb to do sth 句
式。
[考例6](1999上海) The manager has ____ to im-
prove the working conditions in the company.
A. accepted B. allowed
C. permitted D. agreed
[考查目標(biāo)] 考查動(dòng)詞的搭配與用法。
[答案與解析]D allow和permtt相同,經(jīng)常接doing
或sb. to do;accept一般接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ);而agree
后面可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。
1. [U] 同意,一致
2. advantage n. 優(yōu)勢(shì),優(yōu)點(diǎn)
反義:disadvantage 劣勢(shì),缺點(diǎn)
[詞組] take advantage of 利用
Boys have more advantages over girls in finding jobs.
男孩子找工作比女孩子更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。
You must take full advantage of the unloaded
information.
你應(yīng)該充分利用這些下載的信息。
[考點(diǎn)6]agree 的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:
① disagree v. 不同意;不一致
② agreement n.
10. I believe that you have got it right.
[單詞聚焦]
[考點(diǎn)1]advantage 的用法
▲ 搭配:
① have / win / get / gain the / an advantage of / over
勝過(guò);優(yōu)于
② (be) to one's advantage / disadvantage 對(duì)……有利/
不利
③ take advantage of = make one's advantage of 乘機(jī)利
用;利用別人的弱點(diǎn)占便宜;欺騙
[考例1][2005 南京模擬] British students only have a
language ____ for jobs in the USA and Australia.
A. chance B. ability
C. possibility D. advantage
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查advantage的意思。
[答案與解析]D 本句的language advantage的意思
是。語(yǔ)言方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)”。
9. You are wrong thinking that...
8. I'm afraid you are wrong...
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