32.other以及與其容易混淆詞匯的辨析]
another
表“另一個(gè)”時(shí)只跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),而表“另外的、額外的、
附加的”之意時(shí),可跟帶有few或具體數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,此時(shí)可把“數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”
看作是一個(gè)整體
other, another,any other,the other的用法:
A) other表示“另外”,而another表示“另外一個(gè)”,等于an other。兩者都可以做主語、
定語和賓語。another只表示單數(shù)泛指的意思,而other有復(fù)數(shù)形式;特指時(shí)在其前加定冠詞;
前面可加任何限定詞以及數(shù)量詞。
B) other用于兩者(或雙方)的情況下,another用于三者情況下。
例:He has more concern for others than for himself.(他關(guān)心他人比關(guān)心自己更重)
other
表“另外的”接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如與具體數(shù)詞連用,則置于數(shù)詞之后,但與定冠詞the連用時(shí),other要放在數(shù)詞前。如:
other 的用法。哦
nuts(232064651) 18:45:14
2.sth. neet doing/to be done.某事需要...了
success need hard work.
1.don't need to do sth.不必...了
31.need的用法]
30.定語從句的用法]
定語從句 定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。 關(guān)系代詞有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。 關(guān)系副詞有:when, where, why等。 1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 1)who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想見的人嗎?
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如: Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。 The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。 1)when, where, why 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
3 限制性和非限制性定語從句 1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開,例如: This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice
.這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個(gè)月買的。(非限制性) 2) 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí),其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的,例如: Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。
3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),例如: Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。
說明:關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
4 介詞+關(guān)系詞 1)介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 2)that前不能有介詞。 3) 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 5 as, which 非限定性定語從句 由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,as和which可代整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
注意:as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思,且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn): (1) as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首,而which不可。 (2) as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí),從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為行為動(dòng)詞,則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。 6 先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一 Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 7 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever 1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything What you want has been sent here. Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who (錯(cuò))Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. (對(duì))Who robbed the bank is not clear. 3) that 和 what 當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí) ,通常用作關(guān)系代詞,而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),是個(gè)不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that?墒÷。What只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從 句, 用作連接代詞,作從句的具體成分,且不能省略。 I think (that) you will like the stamps. What we need is more practice. 8 關(guān)系代詞that 的用法 1)不用that的情況 a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。 (錯(cuò)) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介詞后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。 b) 在不定代詞,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí),只用that,不用which。 c) 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí),只用that! d) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只用that。. e) 先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí)。
29.系動(dòng)詞的用法]
系動(dòng)詞亦稱聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞(Link Verb),作為系動(dòng)詞,它本身有詞義,但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語,后邊必須跟表語(亦稱補(bǔ)語),構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。 說明: 有些系動(dòng)詞又是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,該動(dòng)詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí),有詞義,可單獨(dú)作謂語,例如: He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系動(dòng)詞,后跟補(bǔ)足語,說明主語情況。) He fell off the ladder. 他從梯子上摔下來。fell是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,單獨(dú)作謂語。 1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 用來表示主語狀態(tài),只有be一詞,例如: He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。(is與補(bǔ)足語一起說明主語的身份。) 2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞 用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。
3)表像系動(dòng)詞 用來表示"看起來像"這一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired. 他看起來很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。 4)感官系動(dòng)詞 感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。 This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。 5)變化系動(dòng)詞 這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語變成什么樣,變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他瘋了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就富了。 6)終止系動(dòng)詞 表示主語已終止動(dòng)作,主要有prove, trun out, 表達(dá)"證實(shí)","變成"之意,例如: The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查證實(shí)很難。 His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。(turn out表終止性結(jié)果)
27.虛擬語氣的用法]
26.備注:強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語]
強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的謂語,要在謂語動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞do,does,did,謂語動(dòng)詞用原形
25.as while when的區(qū)別]
when引導(dǎo)暫短性動(dòng)作,也可以引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,可用于主。從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或從句動(dòng)作先發(fā)生
eg: When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sunday.
while側(cè)重動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生
While I WAS WRITING,YOU WERE TALKING WITH OTHERS
as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)動(dòng)作,主句伴隨從句動(dòng)作“一邊。。。一邊”
He looked behind as he went
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